Extreme Sports in jeeps outside Moscow

One day we decided to go to the extreme rest in jeeps in the suburbs, where the off-road we got a lot of experience and loads. Led a group organizer and inspirer of many off-road activities that took over his shoulders than a dozen of these races. - When we communicate with you before you go, you were sure that only travel event no extreme does not herald. How it all began and how it happened that I had to break through severe off-road? - We have formed a group of enthusiasts with whom we occasionally drive out to the car prepared to interesting places on the route in advance, this is not the off-ROAD, which we used to see at the competitions, except when dirt around party sees nothing We're going families, with wives, children, friends. Choosing the road with beautiful scenery and a small obstacle course, where visitors can test their strength and the degree of cross-car. Basically this is the route "Moscow-St.Petersburg" and often go on a trip to a warm seasons. But this time, waiting for the summer did not. We decided to go to the city Ostashkov that in the Tver region. There are beautiful and aesthetically pleasing, is worth seeing, and recreation centers, where you can stop. Originally planned as a trip really excursion: Nilova Deserts, the source of the Volga River, Lake Seliger. Excursions were. On one of them could even wash his boots in the center of the Volga. But very soon the members got bored and started trying to jump off the pavement into the woods.

Riding in low visibility

The most dangerous and difficult it becomes Riding in low visibility, when rain, snow, fog and in the transition from dark to daylight and vice versa, the visibility deteriorated, and range view of the road is less than 300 meters. With the help of a driver receives two-thirds of the information needed to assess the situation on the road and the analysis of maneuver required the driver to ensure the safe movement. For this reason, the lack of visibility, bad review can cause a terrible accident. Consider all the more unfavorable in terms of visibility weather conditions for the drive. Riding in the rain is accompanied by a stream of dirty spray from the wheels colliding and passing cars on the windshield of your car. Even a fraction of a second is enough to take away your visibility on the road, so it is especially important that cleaners (they are "caretakers") were of good quality and have not been worn out by long service life. If the "caretakers" have ceased to adhere to the glass and leave behind a "blind" spots, such cleaners require replacement. However, when rain conditions worsen for the ride, not only outside but inside. As soon as it starts to rain and it drops fall on the windshield, the glass surface cools rapidly, and the inner side of the windows machines are formed condensate. In no case does not wipe the misted glass by hand or by the fact that his arm caught, otherwise the consequences will be in the light of headlights and streetlights examine their own tracks, and divorces, which also impairs visibility.

The operating principle of motor tachometer

Everyone who has a car knows that it mounted tachometer. However, not everyone understands the principle of the motor tachometer. Often you can hear from them questions on the similarity of "What does this arrow?". Therefore, in this article we will explain the basic principles of automotive tachometer. Tachometer in the car - a device that is used to determine the number of engine revolutions. Number of revolutions per unit time changes or relative speed. The main function performed by the tachometer, is that it helps you choose the right gear, but it can prolong engine life. In other words, when the tachometer needle reaches the red zone, you should immediately switch to a higher gear. Also, the tachometer is used for adjustment, for both idle and to control the motor in motion. Tachometer works by recording the number of pulses that are received from sensors, analyzing the pause between them, as well as the order they are received. Counting these pulses can be carried out in various ways: in the opposite direction, forward, and also in both. Indicators that were measured, as a rule, are converted to a certain value. They can be minutes, hours, seconds, etc. Tachometer is designed so that the collected values ??can be periodically reset. And the accuracy of the fairly conventional, the error is approximately equal to 400 rpm., Most accurate car tachometers can display data from up to ~ 100 rpm. Tachometers for motor vehicles are of two types: analog and digital. In the scheme of the digital tachometer may include the following elements: circuit reset the processor, LCD panel, the ADC 8 bits.

Control devices of the engine

At the present stage of scientific development, tuning engines reached the level of digital electronics. Fast and the Furious electronics motor racing begins with a different supervisors and ends with the introduction of chip-elekroniki. What are the control devices of the engine there, and what needs replacement and upgrading of the electronics that monitors and controls the motor? To increase the capacity of the engine must of all, control the composition of the fuel mixture. For such a purpose prescribed by the Controller of fuel injection, or as it is popularly called "ocean» Fuel Controller. Such controllers are manufactured by companies such as: Greddy, Apexi, HKS, Jet, Hypertec, Split Second. Pleasure to have his car so the controller will cost you from 200 to 1000 dollars. Depending on the model, this device is partially or completely wedged in the work of the fuel supply system, in some cases there is a replacement unit injection. Installed a new controller adjusts the flow of fuel mixture for different types: L, FI, LH-Jetronic, etc. In some cases, a modernization of the whole fuel supply system, thus replacing the pump nozzle to the more functional, in that case put a more powerful fuel pressure regulator, what further need to shell out between 1000 and 2000 dollars. Comptroller of fuel is helping to change the injection time in order to monitor the proper supply of fuel mixture. Sometimes you have to replace the ignition system, the more suitable for a tuning engine.

Additional devices for determining the oil pressure in the car

How do drivers follow the work of his car, its status and functions? With the help of technical inspection. And during the ride to follow these or other features of your car, you can use the dashboard. It displays the information that the driver is really needed. That and the speedometer, which shows how fast you are moving, and the sensor of gasoline, which informs you of the amount of petrol in the tank car and warns when its reserves are running out, and so on. If we consider how the instrument panel is arranged in a sports car, you'll see a myriad of different, sometimes not too clear of additional devices and sensors. Naturally, one can extract a lot of diverse information, but the real ace can easily traverse the standard instrument panel, while receiving all the same information. Let's first understand, why do we need additional instruments, and how they are classified. Firstly, all the additional devices in the car can be divided into processors and meters. The first type of devices is a complicated device, which not only measures the data, but also gives the driver the function of control over one or another process. Meters simply measure the significant parameters and processes are informed of the driver. The main reason for the installation of additional devices in the car driver is the desire to have more accurate information about speed, speed, pressure in one or another instrument and so on. And this is because the devices are already installed on the car, often distort the true values ??of parameters.

Child car safety seat

If you still carry their children in the backseat in a reclining position, or, God forbid, at the forefront in the hands of her grandmother, then we go to you. For those who until then had not understood what will be discussed, let us explain - the child car safety seat. Fashion, which is constantly growing, but know how to properly use, not all. When you select a seat for your child must take into account three basic parameters, they should combine together: the method of fixing, group and security, we have listed them from least important. Now we describe them in order. Safety The most important factor, without exaggeration, this is the preservation of health and life of the child and explained that the cost of car seat. On the chair should be the appropriate certificates: ECE R44/03 or modern ECE R44/04. This guarantees not only quality but also safety, since such certification of the European economy. Commission, means that the product has passed a series of successful tests and trials. If marked with ECE R44 is an estimate of car credible organization (for example, the German ADAC-a), it's just great! Your baby can be safely trusted with such a seat. Way of fixing Today, there are two main methods of fixing child car seat. ISOFIX system involves mounting the chair to the special bracket, hidden in the back of the sofa machine, more precisely, between the seat and backrest. The presence of ISOFIX system is usually celebrated as a supplementary item in the list of advantages in selling cars.

How to carry a child in the backseat

In the article "How to carry a child in the back seat," you will learn how to do it. Modern life and its intense pace requires us to mobility and to everywhere you can keep up, as a means of transportation, many are opting for my family and myself a car. In the first place, each motorist if the car is a saloon and the children must be the safety of their movement. The vehicle safety and comfort for the child provides child seat, safety belt, booster, but not the hands of parents. And this statement is perfectly acceptable, not by the fact that Russia signed the European Convention for the road, according to the rules, which must transport children up to 12 years in the back seat of a car in the child seat. Because the collision, and let the machine at slow speed, no hands will not keep the child. According to the statistics of road accidents, cause of injury to a child in the car, is that the child was improperly placed in the car. A child can not take care of their own security. All responsibility for the child's safety rests on the shoulders of adults, only because of their knowledge and experience, we can prevent the death of their children. Because the rules for the safe placement of the child in the car, not complex, and if they do, then we can avoid 80% of accidents serious consequences for the child. Baby car seat should be selected taking into account the child's age, his weight and appearance of the chair, the price of the chair, and the materials from which it is made.

Additional devices for tuning cars

In the toolbar of a modern car there are a number of devices that show minimal information on devices in the car, can carefully monitor the machine and the itinerary of your route. Recently, however, more and more machines installed additional devices for tuning auto, gauges and systems make a similar car dashboard on a garland. Often the people who install these devices can not even draw from them useful information. However, there are those drivers who use the devices for legitimate purposes, their data yield very large benefits. All attachments that are installed on the car part-time, can be divided into 2 groups: processors and meters. As the name implies, meters are designed in order to provide us with data on the characteristics and functioning of various units and units or a whole car. Processors are more complex devices. They do not just measure the condition of the machinery, but also affect them. Theme additional devices for tuning cars is quite common, it is important that established freelance devices can provide data on much more accurate than those that are installed on the car from the factory, they have a better response and feedback. This is the reason almost no major installation at tuning cars for new devices. Consider some of these devices: Meters. Installed meters are of different kinds. The most obvious and simple, and as a result - the most common are meters with an arrow. They represent a familiar face, with multiple or single arrow, the movement of which determines the degree of performance.

If you are going on vacation - good advice

How to go on the road?

Many young drivers have difficulties when driving a car on dirt roads. In the suburbs, roads to remote villages, mostly absent, or quality of coverage is poor. Inexperienced driver needs to make a lot of strength to overcome such sites in bad weather. But the road by walking, and eventually come knowledge and experience. Overcome it, or any other obstacle is impossible for the following reasons: poor traction wheels and road pavement surface, low landing vehicle, the vulnerability of some sites from water, not enough traction drive wheels. Recommendations on how to properly ride on the road, can be found in this publication. Initially, the car design parameters laid down torque and gear ratio transmission. Including one or other transfer by changing the crankshaft speed, the driver changes the optimal values. When driving on sand spent a lot of power the engine. Car wheel burrow into the ground, not buksuya, and the car stalls, the resistance is very high. In this case, you need to save the car from the maximum load, slowly move back, and overcome the hill, slowly driving away. If the wheels are stuck in snow or mud, then a car with manual gearbox can be pulled with the buildup. On vehicles equipped with an automatic transmission, this focus on the roads will not work because the brains of the unit for a long time thinking. If the wheels of the car turned, and you can not get out of a deep rut, you need to dig forwards in front of or behind the car a gentle departure. The lower transmission and higher frequency of the engine speed, the greater the resistance for the car on the affected stretch of road.

Devices for the car addition to the core

Why buy a car seat?

Every driver dreams of a comfortable and safe way, but our country is brutally deceived all such expectations. Therefore, take care of safety in the car need to advance, until there was some kind of accident that could cost the lives of you and your passengers. Particularly vulnerable to any trouble on the road are little kids, so it's worth taking care of such protection as a car seat. Car seat - a subject that provides your child is not only comfortable and safe ride, but also safeguard you against fines. The fact that the new changes in the rules of the road "is necessary to have special protective gear for your child, because the usual belts and airbags are not much help, how much harm the baby. Mother or relatives will not be able to keep a small child in an accident, even if he is not even a year old. Even at speeds of up to twenty miles per hour any clash threatens serious consequences of child up to spine fracture, or even death. Adult car seats are not designed for transportation of "young passengers." Car seats for children, at the same time, are selected specifically for body composition and growth of your child, so you will not be worrying about a comfortable ride for your child. Additional conditions of comfort are regulating the size of armchairs (some special models for different age groups), retractable footrest and headrest. Believe me, even you will not be so good to sit at home on a cozy sofa as a child in a child car seat. To protect the child's eyes from the sun can buy special blinds and mosquito save his mosquito net.

How to make a traction device for a car

Spring, winter and fall - hard times for driving on the ground and snow-covered roads. Even the small rise at times an insurmountable obstacle, especially if the tire tread a bit bald. Wheel spin, the car enters. And the studded tires are not always helps. However, there are adaptations that increase the permeability. How to make a traction device for a car, tell that story. A car with a bicycle chain. As a traction device for car use can be made from old bicycle chains and bracelets. To fix them on the drive wheels (three on each wheel), it is necessary to weld the rim of the wheel three bosses. Each of these garter crank tip rope grip clinging to the flare of the rim and then pull the strap, tightening the nut wrench. This set of six pieces weighs very little - only 980 chains from the hoses. How to make useful while riding off-road traction device for cars? You can use the rubber-canvas hose with a diameter of 8-14 mm, and a soft safety wire (cable), diameter 1,5 mm. They will need two to four on each driving wheel of the car. Installing lugs on the wheel, insert the wire (cable) through the "window" in the disk (if not available, then the need to drill holes), and fasten its ends by any reliable way. The device against slipping the car. Be a common situation: one of the leading wheels of the machine falls on the ice, snow or prikatanny the hole filled with liquid mud, and the car does not move from their seats - the wheel slips. We have to call for help to move the car from a slippery place, or go in search of what some branches, boards, sand and underlay them under a stalled wheel to ensure its grip.

Safe journey of the child in the car

In the morning to carry the child to school or kindergarten by car and pick it up at night - has become commonplace for a long time. But nothing about family trips on the weekend and have nothing to say. Your responsibility as a driver, increases many times if the kids in the car. You are obliged to ensure the safe journey of the child in the car. The child must be safe and comfortable as possible in your car. This will not be able to provide hands even the most caring and loving parents. The European Convention requires road transport children under the age of 12 years only in the back seat of a car and exclusively in children's chairs. Russia is known to be signed under the convention. Many people believe this requirement is tough enough to meet the child's safety. Is this true, because in a collision, even at low speed of the child can not hold in their hands. Unbearably frightening to hear about such accidents. There are videos of crash-tests with dummies, and if you just imagine for a moment, therefore, to transport children in the car, you must purchase child car safety seat for traveling with a child. It must pick up mainly by the weight of the child. Price chairs the material from which it is made, its appearance, as well as the child's age - secondary selection criteria. Manufacturers of car seats offer their three categories: for babies from birth for babies over 9 pounds and children from 15 kg. In each group there are seats universal model, the range of application wider than the 5-10 kg weight baby.

Than take the child on the road

Fault diagnosis of automatic transmissions and transmissions

To facilitate fault automobile boxes - automata and their resolve, there are methods that are described below. But at the same time, to the ultimate success requires a fairly precise information collected and the correct analysis. This publication will describe in detail about the way that the fault diagnosis of automatic transmissions and transmissions. Causes failure of automatic transmission may be several, as each of them separately, and various combinations thereof: failure of the transformer malfunction of electronic control unit failure of the hydraulic control system violation adjustments maladjustment or zakisanie control cable wear friction controls malfunction of the mechanical part of the system management Diagnostics Troubleshooting Automatic transmission is desirable to subject in the following order: Check the condition and the oil level Check engine idling, the joints, electrical cable select band, check out the vacuum. And in the AKP, which has a hydraulic control system, you should check the shift control valve, throttle. Determine the fault code gearbox control unit engine. Check the car in a completely inhibited state. Check the pressure in the control system. Conduct road tests, ie when driving a car. Check control cable through the valve-throttle. In the management of PTC plays an important role shift control valve, throttle. This cable is used to connect the injection pump control lever or sector throttle control mechanism ACTs. The cable is a metal base, enclosed in a plastic shell, which both sides have a rigid fixation.

How can we improve the throttle cable?

How can I improve the gas pedal cable in reality and in fact today, what would it be at least reliably, efficiently, and work? To connect the cable itself with the gas pedal on your car, it was possible more durable and reliable? How to improve cable gas pedal, you ask, the answer is and it's easy, because there are many methods and ways for improvement, and the simplest and easiest way to do this is simply to expand the very opening the gas pedal a lever somewhere to 8-10 mm but no more, because you can not upgrade the cable gas pedal, but rather worsen the gas pedal, that would not be very good, and it may result to you simply disastrous. And then, after the increased opening to insert into the hole brass or bronze sleeve for example. After that, the cable itself well to reinforce in this hub. After which you want to shorten the tube through which the rope, depending on the car at 90-110 millimeters. At this time, the force on the gas pedal to be much smaller than before, and consequently much increased longevity of your tether. Improve throttle cable can also be if, instead of the usual, standard cable, take for example a speedometer cable ZAZ-966. Then hold it under the rug to your car and between the rear seats, and then bring in the engine compartment, through the previously made (old) hole. And the cover of your new cable is well secure in any situation the most compressed in any way. The same way car owners can also use this method to improve the gas pedal cable. Everyone knows that cable is very often or almost always ground in close proximity to the gas pedal, where it enters the tube.

Car Electric Winch for SUVs

Car service, polished body

Service for polishing the surface of the body is in great demand in today's days. It is very important and is considered fashionable. So what do you need to know about polishing? What you need to use in order to correctly perform polishing? Where to begin? Is it expensive? Answers to your questions we will examine in more detail in the article "Car Service, polished body. The most time-consuming and expensive is restoring the abrasive polishing. Thanks to this type of polishing the body, with the cover removed scratches, abrasions and various spots. Also, using this polish can remove the oxidized layer, which after a while formed on the surface of the body when exposed to ultraviolet light. A variety of chemicals, anti-icing agents - all of which help to remove restoring polishing. This polish should be done in several stages. To do this you must first car to handle "coarse" pasta with fur round. After that, should begin to spray the emulsion to prepare the body to the final stage. In order to determine how well the work is done, you need to look at the body surface, if you have a clear picture, the work is done conscientiously and efficiently. If on the contrary, we still have work to do. Another type of polishing - a protective polish. Its essence is to protect the body when the car wash, paint a layer of protection from burnout. Because of this polished body is much less smear and easier to clean. Between the protective and restorative polish there are differences.

Car film coating technology

Do you want to change something in the shape of your favorite car? Or maybe you upset that the surface of your car is not so new, there are scratches, chips? Then this article on the film coating technology car for you. There are new technologies to protect the car body adhesive tape. This protection allows you to maintain and even upgrade most vulnerable sections of the surface of your vehicle from damage. And the damage may be very different. The danger may come from the gravel on the roads, corrosion from chemical aggressive environments, and just from scratching. Protective film is not afraid of no dampness or frost nor heat with temperature changes, or anti-icing chemicals. With the help of papering your auto film can give a completely different shape to yours. Specifically to protect the car used by a protective, transparent film, matte film and carbon. Okleit film can be completely whole body and individual parts of the car. You can even paste over the interior compartment of your car. For protection from ultraviolet radiation in the film introduces special chemicals that block ultraviolet radiation. If the film is intended only for protection against ultraviolet radiation, the other components in it are added. The technology allows pasting of the film to change even the color of your car. Will be much cheaper, more practical and faster to change the color of your car by the film than body paint. In addition, return the car to its original form at any time simply by removing the film for pasting.

Protective covers for the car for long trips

Car Fixed gps navigation

You can not slow down and, altogether, to stop technological progress. More recently, that way 10-12 years ago, for more mobile population seemed outlandish expensive stuff and was very rare. But inevitably, the fly forward and everything around us is changing. Today the mobile phone has almost all: the students, housewives and pensioners. GPS navigators seem, awaits the same fate. If abroad, GPS navigators are widely used for a long time, then in Russia in which GPS is just getting its momentum. Navigators use, mainly hunters, fishermen, sailors and tourists. In general, people whose activities relate directly to travel to places that are in the atlases that are not always marked. New relished as well, and motorists. They are using the device - a stationary car gps navigation - not only orient themselves in unfamiliar terrain. Navigators can suggest a path that would be the shortest. Look at what still is the GPS. GPS - abbreviation for the full name of Global Positioning System, which translated to English literally means "Global Positioning System." On the technical side of GPS is a system in which satellites, and their 24 pieces interact with each other. The satellites are constantly monitored from ground stations located all over the planet. A great variety of user receivers - GPS end-users of services. Your mobile can also be a receiver. The main function of the entire GPS system - to determine, based on data obtained from satellites, the location of GPS-receiver.

Are going to travel by car

How to start a journey by car across Europe

Each year the craze trailering collects more fans. How wonderful to sit in the car and go somewhere like it. Caravanning is a favorite pastime. And what if a trip to Europe? However, to enjoy the journey, you must all be carefully planned and ponder. And to think should be done. To begin the preparation of travels through Europe by car will need to purchase "Green Card", or rather the insurance on the car. It can draw on the boundary, but it is better to purchase in advance. When designing a route to your trip to Europe was not gold, remember that there are not only toll road, but there are also free. And to save fuel can be refueled at a relatively cheap gas stations. To make a long-awaited release of an exciting journey on the wheels from turning into the experience with a bunch of problems, we must remember that the car may not be the only means of transportation, but also a source of danger. That's why a long journey through Europe by car should be taken seriously. Of course, compared with cars older than ten years, modern cars are equipped with multiple safety systems, they are more comfortable. However, no matter how wonderful was not your car from your care, from compliance with the rules depends very much, and most importantly your life and your loved ones. Modern cars are equipped with systems that help the driver avoid accidents, and various devices that enhance comfort.

Transporting dogs by road

Anyone who has a dog, understand that travel with it better on the road transaorte. But here, you may encounter a problem, how to make the move a comfortable and safe for your dog and keep clean the car interior during the trip. There are many ways and some of them will be most acceptable to you, will you decide for yourself. The article will be useful and interesting hosts "our" little brothers ", for which the transportation of dogs by road - the issue date. The dog travels in the trunk that the dog was safe and the car was clean, you need to buy a cage in the car. Sell ??special cells to tailgate closes smoothly. This cell with beveled doors. If the machine allows, you can put a normal cell. There you can put a soft cloth and be sure to hang the water bottle with clean drinking water. If you do not want the dog was in a cage, that is, partitions, they separate the luggage compartment, in which the dog is with you in the car. This has some advantages in locating the dog, but the interior of the vehicle will not be protected from wool. But the dog would be enough private space where she can move freely. There are special arenas, they are very conveniently located in the trunk. They have a mesh that prevents the hair fly in the car, but there is a caveat - this arena with no roof and large dog can easily climb over the wall of the arena, but in the end it will be next to you in the cabin. Coating the interior and trunk. In order to get the dog felt no constraint in the movement during transport in road transportation, there are special coverage in the auto seat and trunk.

A vehicle with a manipulator for transport of goods

Ordering gruzotaksi or any other vehicles, allowing to carry bulky cargo, customers do not forget about the cargo. It's very important. Unfortunately, not all trucks can vouch for the safety of the cargo. Do not forget that the goods come in various sizes and shapes are not always standard. They have even harder. But not enough to just deliver the goods from one point to another - it must first be immersed in the car, and then unload. And if the load is not only an unusual shape, but also very heavy? What to do? Well, do not hire the same crew of loaders! That is, for such purposes and there is a car with a crane for cargo. This is sort of a novelty in this area - this car combines a truck and loader. Ordering both of these vehicles, the customer will inevitably be greatly overpay. A vehicle with a manipulator can easily solve this problem. These vehicles are used not only in transportation - it would be irrational. They are indispensable for some construction work, or in warehouses. And these industries are very, very much. Naturally, there are several different types of vehicles with manipulators - and they all have a different purpose. They can be distinguished on the main profile of the work, as well as parameters such as load capacity and size. For example, not every vehicle to carry goods can pass through the archway at home or in a small courtyard. And not every car will master lift and oversized cargoes, such as a construction worker. For these purposes, and such a diversity of works and there is a wide choice of cars with a manipulator.

Features travel alone by car

You have to travel alone by car? Great idea! But note: your car should be ready for a long trip at least own you. Before departure, regardless of the extent and features of the upcoming trip, the car must be in perfect order. But we all know that from all the world can not be insured. On this case I want to submit your review little tricks and gimmicks avtoputeshestvennika, which will undoubtedly make life easier on the road and will brighten up one particular travel by car. A small amount of liquid detergent or shampoo to add to the tank washer system auto, this tool will significantly improve the work of wiper blades. Water, with the addition of detergents, cleaner and faster promoet glass, as well as reduce the abrasive effect of dust from the road. Motorists, hikers, who had to spend the night in a tent or a car in cold weather, easy obogreyutsya if the canister will fill with hot water. Stock heat from a canister is enough to warm the air in the tent at night. Season with butter car will be even easier if you obzavedetes simple device. In the canister or tank with the oil valve should be screwed to the camera and receiver, which will reach the bottom. Through the valve pump upload the air, and then under his pressure oil will flow easily in the lead-up, through it, and run by units of the automobile. Car owners are very helpful when you should have a simple car Probe 6-12 Volt. With it you can easily find fault in the circuit of the generator, lights, starter, relay controller, for example.

Traffic rules in the European Union

Medicine for motion sickness in the car

Often it happens that a small passenger cradles for transport. In this case, his family can only sympathize. This problem is familiar to many parents: their child is crying, pale, breathing heavily and vomiting - it's called motion sickness kinetoz. Appeal to doctors rarely brings the proper result, they say: "Give candy to suck," "Let close your eyes and breathe deeply," "use the drug against motion sickness in the car," or encouraging "with age, pass." This problem often do not give due attention to, believe that the problem itself will take place with age. Inconveniences such as contaminated clothing and interior, and often spoiled the mood the whole family, it is advised to overcome firmly and calmly. However, loving parents can hardly meet such a situation. If we believe the world statistics on this problem affects 70% of adults, the disease kinetoz can be transferred and inherited. The most susceptible to motion sickness children from birth to 10-11 years. In girls, the disease occurs more frequently by almost 40%. Let's try to change themselves pitiable condition of the child to the best and forget altogether about kinetoze in the car. Especially in the period of study children often have to go on transport to school or garden, and each trip can be a real pain. Medications. Naturally, before you hit the road with a child, which cradles must first stop in a pharmacy. Here there are not enough drugs against motion sickness in the car, they help to cope with kinetozom.

What should be a long journey by car

Rules tow the broken vehicle

In case of sudden failure of the car on the road, the driver needs help from other participants in the movement, or special services available to the evacuation vehicles to deliver the car to the service. Since the towing vehicle shall be held frequently, it is natural that the main points of the rules of the road had been partially forgotten. Therefore, on the road frequently encountered motorists, helping each other, but this is not fair. This prevents towing of other traffic participants, resulting in an emergency situation may arise. So, if you notice a car on the roadside, but you do not know the rules of towing vehicle, it is better not call for help, as wrong actions can mess things up even more trouble. That would not have occurred any problem, let us remember the rules tow the broken vehicle. During the operation towing cars are less maneuverable, so the rules of the road clearly describes the steps that make towing more safe. Car speed linked limited to 50 kilometers per hour, with a towing vehicle must be running low beam, no matter what time of day, and a towed vehicle should be included emergency lights. Towing should be carried out using flexible or rigid coupling, or with full or partial loading on the loading platform. Towing with a flexible coupling is carried out using a special cable made of steel, rope or cable, where every meter should hang special signaling flags with stripes in two colors, red and white. The distance between the cars for transportation on a flexible coupling must be from 4 to 6 meters, it is necessary for the possibility of an emergency braking the towed vehicle.

Mode of work and leisure driving

Summer - a hot time for the holidays, traveling and just relaxing. During this period, on the roads across the country increased the number of buses, cars, which carry the transport of small groups of children or people on the resort, while overcoming hundreds of kilometers. Well, if the road to a place of rest is no problem. And during a very long trip, you may receive fatigue, which may become one of the causes of emergency situations on the road. Therefore, in this article we would like to introduce you to work and rest behind the wheel of any driver. Driver fatigue - this is a dangerous driver. With such statements will agree any sane member of the road. Excessive fatigue causes drowsiness, and she in their influence on human consciousness is somewhat reminiscent of drugs or alcohol: reduced ability to think sensibly, slower reaction time and may even cause aggression without any of this cause. Sleepiness can cause the driver to prevent the same mistakes that he committed under the influence of alcohol or drugs, and in fact they could lead to very serious consequences. Throughout the work on drivers affects a wide range of harmful factors: infrasound and noise in the cabin, the presence of toxic substances in the cabin, the vibration of the working place, and the most severe of all these factors is - the neuro-emotional stress. Each driver is always responsible for the safety of cargo and the safety of the transport process and moves in a large information flow. At the international and national levels have always attached great importance to work and rest of drivers.

Rules of the road overtaking

In this article, "Rules of the road, overtaking" we'll show you how to behave on the road, and how to overtake another vehicle. At the traffic flows going different drivers in different cars. But once the driver sat behind the wheel of a car, other drivers who go there, be sure that a neighbor on a number of their right not to buy, and knows how to behave on the road. And knows how to properly overtake vehicles. After overtaking is difficult to maneuver on the road. And so it was made safe for all drivers of traffic are needed unity of three actions: a normal road conditions, adequate behavior to overtake, overtaking a precise calculation. Consider in detail every action of the three components. Let us remember that talking about overtaking traffic regulations. The rules says that overtaking is associated with departure from its occupied range and passing one or more vehicles. In practice, overtaking is as follows: overtaken vehicle deviates slightly in the direction of its motion, took the next lane, and some more time going near the overtaken vehicle, at a safe distance ahead of the overtaken car, and then takes a strip in front of the car being overtaken. Before the driver to proceed to pass, it must identify its need for yourself and evaluate what will be the safety of overtaking. The degree of security should be the primary and the driver decided to overtake and it should be clear that he had enough time, overtaking that for all drivers to be safe. In this case, a driver who is going to overtake, must keep in mind is not what he is late for a meeting, and think that life is more important than the important meetings.

Choosing a vehicle for the trip

Probably each of us one day like to leave this bustling, ever-running clear to the city, to plunge into calm, measured over nature. Indeed, the only way you can really relax and body and soul. But here the question arises: where to go? Yes, anywhere! Where your heart desires! This could be the seaside, mountain serpentine, woodland, just outing! Choosing a vehicle for the trip. Here you have decided on the spot where you want to spend a holiday or weekend, and immediately raises a second question: as to what to get? And it does not matter! You can buy a ticket on the train, plane, bus or even some kind of water transport. But! Truly enjoy the journey, you can only on the car! It is a journey by car is the most romantic and pretentious. In addition, automobile tourism, compared with other species has its own set of advantages. Just imagine how annoying it pass by beautiful scenery on the bus, and not be able to stop. Traveling by private car, you are your own masters, to want to - there and went to where want to - stop there. If you are traveling by car, you do not need to spend the allotted vacation time to transplant from one vehicle to another. In addition, access may be almost anywhere. By choosing the car should be approached carefully. The selection should be made in accordance with the topography of the area in which you want to go. If you intend to tour the city, for these purposes is quite suitable normal road car. But if you dare jerk in the mountains, there is not enough without the SUV, which can easily pass over rough terrain.

Prepare a car for long journeys

In the article "Preparing for a long car trip," we'll show you how to prepare for the long trip. Your car should be ready for the road, just like you. Before leaving, the car must be in perfect order, regardless of the length of your journey. These tips will be helpful, both beginners and experienced drivers who had gathered to go on a long journey. When packing luggage better things to put on purpose, for example, bedding, warm clothes and bathing suits sporting family. You should not always sort out things in a suitcase, to increase confusion. Things need to lay down in advance, but in the end to pack different things and products. Before the trip car must be in good order. Need to bring clarity, both outside and inside the well to wash the engine. Some drivers shine machine, but there are drivers who believe that dust and dirt combine with each other body and chassis, and will only hurt the car wash. Most drivers forget that great importance is the cleanliness of glasses and lamps. Especially at night when everyone could see worse. Because of the prolonged strain in the driver's vision weakens. Consequently, it is necessary that the car was clearly visible to other road users. All lamps in some time "getting older" and weaken. Gradually evaporated tungsten filament inside the glass tube is deposited tungsten and decreases the transparency of the lamp. Before the trip will be cheaper to replace the lamp, what then would have to change the front of the car.

Across Europe on your car via Finland

Penalties for violation of traffic rules in Germany

Thousands of our fellow citizens every year come to Germany on vacation or on business. And it is not rare in his car, or take a rental. Each country has its own particular rules of the road. Their ignorance is no excuse. A liability is expressed quite specific sums amounts to tens and even hundreds of euros. As they say, from the scrip, and the prison does not renounce. Even the most experienced German-Kia car owners will never renounce monetary penalties (especially for parking in the wrong place). What to say about visiting this European country. Therefore it is useful to know what the penalties for violation of traffic rules in Germany, the most common. Fines to drivers in Germany for parking in the wrong place hundreds of millions of euros. For example, 120 million euros for the violation are received each year to the budgets of the twenty largest cities in Germany. The average size of the fine is 14 euros for each driver. Leaders in penalty fees are such big cities as Berlin, Cologne and Hamburg. This is understandable: parking on the streets megapoli-joint is small and the number of vehicles is enormous. Left to whether evil intent either to nevni-matelnosti in the wrong place machine is promising "prey" to prompt the German-th controller. Incidentally, in most cases, the controller will have a special female. Supervisors in germanium are known for their promptness, bditelnos-Tew, excellent knowledge of the ward area and "delicious" pieces. On the status of "Parking" is-Xia public servants, so the percentage of revenue they are not entitled.

Travel by car to Europe via Poland

Outside, bright sunshine. Mark on the thermometer steadily kept around 20 degrees above zero. Before the first summer month left a few days. Ahead of the holiday season. For some it's time when he calmly walks through the woods, listening to the birds and enjoy the beauty of the forest. Someone buys a ticket, sit in a plane and flies to the other side of the world where he lives and rests on the principle of "all inclusive". Still others choose one of the democratic forms of recreation - from the rules of the trip on his own car anywhere in Europe. This adds the independent traveler in the choice of route and places for overnight stays. Also you can save on waiting time at airports and not depend on volcanic eruptions and other troubles in the sky. No tickets, reservations, booking tours. Just sat and drove. All that is needed - to determine the route and prepare the car for long journeys. As a long-distance travel, for example, you can select a remote, but the alluring country of Switzerland. As well as Germany, France or Holland. All of these countries, most of us have only seen on TV and even could not think about how to go there, but even more so on his car. Now that you have a Schengen visa Europe has become a little closer. However, in most cases, you happen to travel by car to Europe via Poland. Yes, and Poland itself has recently changed and is very interesting for the curious traveler's country. Better safe than sorry. Of course, planning a similar trip to thoroughly.

CASCO. Highlights for insurance.

When calculating the cost of insurance for your iron horse on a "crash" or "theft" expect a significant increase - about 10% of the average market value of the cars each year. This means that if your machine is fairly new, and the price tag on it is around 30,000, "Washington", the hull will cost at more than 3,000, and for the vast majority of car owners are very big money. There are, of course, in such a rise in price pros - you'll sleep soundly without worrying for his iron horse, and if the insured event occurs, the insurance company will take on their shoulders the entire burden of problems. So, when you make a hull you will need to specify the company's insurer to calculate the cost of insurance the main thing - it's brand of car and year in which he was born. This information - the most fundamental factor, and that it determines the cost of hull insurance in the database. Do not hesitate to ask about how often subjected to the hijacking of cars of the same brand as yours. If this percentage is low enough, then the ultimate cost of hull you are sure to take into account in your favor - give a discount, so to speak. But if you have a Mitsubishi Lancer, Toyota Corolla, Porsche Cayenne, Volkswagen Passat, then wait for the increase in value from Hull some average base. Try to find out the same way about other discounts (well, for example, you just get a nice discount if you leave your car overnight in the garage or noncompact box on the territory under protection).

How to find a stolen car and to pay damages under the insurance

Car Amplifiers own hands

Car Audio System can be arbitrary, but at its center is always present such a thing as radio. This can be either factory radio, or acquired by the owner of car. And in each such cassette has its own internal amplifier, but it is too weak. But if you install a car amplifier outside, then he will give a noticeable effect in terms of sound, even the most simple. Car Amplifier needed for those who want a clean, powerful sound on their car. Internal amplifier / recorder can not cope with it, because they are too small. Car amplifier - it is quite another device than the usual home. Differences between them enough. First, it feeds in another and has a different layout. Secondly, it has a different functionality, so it is more likely to be counted among the number of professional equipment. In car amplifiers have several features that can help you manage it. First of all, it is necessary to set the desired mode of operation is for your audio system. You can also configure the amplifier for specific components of the tract, as well as the interior acoustics of your machine. There are, of course, and among those car amplifiers that operate only on the increase in the power of sound. If you choose such a device, then all the appropriate settings should be held in the head unit or an external sound processor. A very important point when choosing a car audio amplifier - the number of channels that it is. There are models with a single channel, or candy bars. There are models that have from five to eight channels.

Traveling through Europe by car

Solid and never-ending whirlwind weekdays. Tired? It's time to take leave and go relax! Where? Gallop through Europe! And, of course, is better on the car. During a trip outside the car will fly all the new and indescribably beautiful landscapes, majestic castles, cute villages, you will be able to go any place you enjoy and admire the countryside. So, travel around Europe by car. Traveling through Europe by car requires investment at the preparatory stage of the trip. To be able to travel to EU countries on the car, you first need to purchase insurance on the car, rather, "Green Card". It can be issued at the border, as well as on the route, but, of course, better to take care of insurance in advance. To cross the border cherished, we must "prepare" the car. Check that all lights are working, remove the tint from the front windows, spike tires also prohibited. This is just a small list of the proper condition of the car to cross the border. Do not forget to buy a car first aid kit, fire extinguisher, reflective vest should be mandatory warning triangle, consumables such as engine oil, light bulbs. It is advisable to purchase pre-map-guide or navigator. In order to travel "is not flown a lot of money", because in front of a lot of unforgettable memories (and money is never enough) to know and take into account the fact that in Europe, along with toll roads is also free. Do not forget about this alternative! Still, the fuel savings can be refueled on the cheaper gas stations.

To obtain a reliable effect of insurance rather get insurance

Beginning of the history of the brand Chevrolet

History of the famous brand Chevrolet started in the small town of La Chaux-de-Fond in Switzerland. In the family of a poor watchmaker, was born the seventh child - a boy. When a child turns 10 years old, the family moved to France, where he graduated from high school. After graduating from high school guy joined the car company Morse. Cars are so much interested in the guy that he decided to devote their entire life. After a while the guy (and his name was Louis Chevrolet) becomes a driver of Morse. It is these events marked the beginning of the history of the Chevrolet brand. For five years, Louis served on the not too major competitions, while in 1905 he failed to break into the Vanderbilt Cup. His courage and ability to handle the car attracted the most attention - he was noticed by quite a successful automobile maker William Durant, who has owned several companies with the sign of DM. In 1909, Chevrolet accepts an invitation from Durand and begins to speak for the team of Buick. Careers Louis began to grow by leaps and bounds. In the same year he won three major races and climbs to 11 in the Vanderbilt contest. Louis Chevrolet is one of the best racers of America. In 1911, General Motors is not having the best of times - the company was on the verge of bankruptcy. Its founder, Duran found sponsors who have agreed to invest in the development of his case. Their main condition - Durand must leave the place of the head of the company. But Durant did not want to leave his post so simple.

Purchase of insurance CASCO

The history of success Andre Citroen

Back in 1878, namely on February 5, was born the famous founder of the company Citroen. His father had his own company which was engaged in the processing and sale of precious jewelry and stones. But Andre Citroen was not long chat with his father - Levi Citroen committed suicide when the baby was only six years. Although Levy Citroen did not have time to teach his son all the tricks of the business, he left a family inherits a huge fortune, as well as a lot of useful connections among industrialists and financiers of Paris. In those days it was decided that his son continued his father's work. But Andre did not attract the young gems, so he went to study. In 1889 Citroen - Jr. arrives at the Ecole Polytechnique, which was successfully finished. After this, the age of 23, he went to work to his friends, who run the locomotive parts. But it was only the beginning of a success story Andre Citroen. There were many trials and errors on the path to success. In 1905, Citroen decided to invest all of his inheritance in the case of their friends, thereby becoming their legal partner. He decided to engage in improvement of various parts. First he set up production of gears, which are significantly different in quality from these parts from other manufacturers. The idea of ??creating just such gear came up with one very clever, but not very famous Polish mechanics. Citroen only time spied on her and bought the patent with the sole right to make such things. Soon, the gears have tremendous success not only in the country.

The base of the Cadillac and the history of its development

Cadillac Motor Car Division - a subsidiary of the famous concern Dzhenaral. Cadillac Motors is developing cars of luxury class. The main office is easily located in the city of Detroit. The base of the Cadillac and the history of its development is very interesting. Company received its name in honor of Antonio de la Mota Cadillac, who founded the small town of Villers D'Troyt, where he was educated concern. Over time, a small town turned into a huge industrial city of Detroit, a large proportion of the population is engaged in the production of cars in different directions. The founder of the Cadillac is known for his name, Henry Ford. In 1899 Henry Ford founded the company with the name of the Detroit Automobile Company, which in 1901 renamed the company Henry Ford. But the case the firm was not very good, and investors stopped funding. They asked Assistant Ford Leland evaluate all of the equipment companies, so you can begin the process of bankruptcy. Leland has convinced investors that the company is able to make a profit, you need a little more funding and time. Investors have decided to confide in Leland and continued infusion. The company was renamed Cadillac, and her head began to Leland. In 1902 was released the first car brand Cadillac. His show in New York was held at the "cheers", and the next day, the concern has embarked on a 2000 orders. And since 1903 the company became involved in the release of the serial car. The first Cadillac car was very difficult to distinguish from Ford vehicles.

Whether to insure your car

The beginning of the company Hyundai

A well-known South Korean company Hyundai is specialized in the production of passenger cars on any income. Head Office located in Seoul. Translated from the Korean Hyundai means "modernity or modern times." More than thirty years, founders of the company tried to merge into a "new time." And only now, Hyundai has achieved recognition and respect among the buyers of "modernity". December 29 1967 in Seoul was opened company Hyundai, which is still located there today. Six months after the official opening was launched the first production line for automobile production. It was the beginning of the company sale. As in most stories, the first assistant company made Ford. This company created the first automobile models that were released from the plant sale. Ford Cortina MK 1 - the first car company Ford, assembled at the plant sale. Cooperation between these companies lasted long enough - before the 80th, when the company's management decided to start producing its own cars. In 1973 it was announced that Hyundai Motors began developing its own small car, parallel construction of a new plant for two years constructors and designers worked on the new model, two years they're trying to British and Japanese technologies to get excellent car. All hope of success and recognition. And a 55 Torino Motor Show in the world introduced a new Hyundai ... which immediately won the hearts of Europeans. "Korean economic miracle" - that was the title of the car appeared in the newspapers the next morning.

Car insurance and indemnification in case of accident

What are the advantages of transferring the car for gaseous fuels?

During the Soviet Union was created, and subsequently adopted a program to reduce emissions of road transport. The objectives of this program is to improve ecological environment, as well as savings and so dear and precious at the time of fuel. To date, ecologists around the world urged motorists to reorient your car on gaseous fuels. The main argument for the implementation of such a transfer were: reduction of emissions of polluting exhaust gases and vapors, as well as increase efficiency of your car. What are the advantages of transferring the car for gaseous fuels? To date, the program has already been accepted translation of the urban transport to gas appliances and the fuel itself - gas. However, a very large percentage of the total number of road transport in very small, and very much a part of all municipal vehicles obsolete and deteriorated to install it all sorts of devices for switching to gas. Environmentalists, in turn, call out the fact that all private vehicle owners to understand the benefits of the transfer of its road transport gas. And we're with you today how would understand this perfectly, but ... still continue to use gasoline, diesel, all that is very polluting. What today may interfere with the ordinary motorist to install on your automobile gas appliances? The first item, of course, will finance. Installing a gas equipment today is very expensive - and, of course, many can not afford. And many do not want to mess with this procedure. Another big problem.

How to pass inspection on a new car

Now, under new rules inspection can take place any day throughout the year. However, the traffic police strongly advised not to delay the receipt voucher. Since the pass it became more expensive and much harder. Became easier only procedure to monitor the technical condition of the car now, together with the station at MREO diagnosis can be made by any specialized geographically convenient service center, which received a license. For example, in most large corporations such centers in the capital alone there may be more than fifty. So as to pass inspection on a new car, the answer to this question you will get by reading this article. You can at any time to enroll in diagnostics give life event. I have to make a diagnosis and get a welcome coupon THEN, he decided to head to the center of the car with their car Nissan Almera, which is located in my district. For me it's geographically convenient, and service center specializes in servicing and selling cars this particular brand. It is worth mentioning that I was surprised by a very friendly and attentive communication with the manager. Fellow professional automotive service center and cleverly told me about rates, procedure and all procedures that need to go through. Diagnose car auto mechanics held in my presence, and the essence of the procedures I always explained the meaning and significance of parameters that are displayed on the monitor in the diagnostic work. Once I completed all the items in the form of diagnosis, the manager gave me a certificate for the SAI, and wished a successful conclusion in the SAI TO my district.

Terms of Hull, car insurance

Mazda RX 7, the history of the brand

May 1967 marked the beginning of sales of Japanese company Mazda cars Mazda RX 7, the history of the brand which began not as easy as one would like, because the machines were equipped with rotary engines. And even then the Japanese came under severe pressure from its competitors. "The rotary engine is the same reliability, in the truest sense of the word. He has no prospects on the market "- they said. But this view was not shared by Kenichi Yamamoto - the head of works. According to his beliefs, if suddenly Mazda RX 7 abandon further development of this project, she can not see leadership in the development of internal combustion engines of new generation. Here's what he told us in his article titled "The Company - the creator of knowledge." "We - the creators of history - he says. - And that means doing this, we're just going to the drawn our way. " Kenichi Yamamoto called in to help is what was originally sought the company - the historical values ??and ideals, to the line and the goal of leadership in everything and always. So he proved that the rotary engine - it's nothing but another step towards his own ideal, step to the dream. It was then that the fate of Mazda rx 7 was preordained - the fate of the technical leader of the generator of ideas and innovation - a model for imitation and envy of competitors. In this case, we can say that Mazda has shown not only technological excellence, but also has become a rarity in technical matters.

A database search for stolen cars

Compulsory motor TPL insurance - your car

In the process of selection and direct purchase of own car for the future of car owners the question of where and how to insure a car, is not so acute. At full height it occurs when the newly-car owner starts to auto production in the state account in the traffic police and obtaining public rooms. Without a presence on the hands of the insurance contract, or simply - insurance, brand new rooms you can not see how their own ears. Such a measure is provided by our Russian law, and nowhere on it does not go. So before you give their shock hard-earned money for insurance, you need before buying a car decide which insurance company you will enter into a contract and under what conditions. And to determine if you possess at least basic information about them. In this article we will try to help you understand this question, and answer the question - how profitable to insure your own car. First of all, you need to know that the most common types of insurance in this country are OSAGO (mandatory liability insurance of vehicle owners, or "avtograzhdanki). Now, OSAGO - Insurance of your car for a short time. OSAGO compulsory form of insurance, and implies that in case of accident damage will be guaranteed to be refunded to the citizen, which he has suffered through the fault of the insured driver. The cost of insurance OSAGO the same for all insurance companies. But keep in mind that if you live and are registered in the city of Novosibirsk, the car insurance for one year would cost at least 5000 rubles, and if you live and are registered in the village Tarakanovka, you pay for insurance for the same period of no more than 1500 rubles.

Where is the exhibition of vintage cars

Many of us do not even realize what a plunge into the world of antiquity began the era of cars. We in turn tell you where the exhibition of vintage cars, which simply need to visit and feel what it is ... About four hundred exhibits of the collection are located on the show make a mistake of 10 thousand m2 on three floors, designed by architect Aiedeo Alberti's buildings open to visitors in 1960. The Museum is one of the most vibrant and dynamic cultural institutions today. Over 100 thousand people in one year have a unique opportunity to trace the history of the creation, formation and development of the car marked by errors, audacious attempts and dreams of entire generations of people who car and its improvement for their entire lives. Visitors can walk the road of evolution, with its intersections and dead ends, knowing the body and engine, styling charming, intellectual and scientific developments that have turned the horseless carriage in today's car. Antique cars on display, in accordance with the classification of the International Association of veteran clubs: "aneetres" (until 1905), "veterans" (1905-1918), "vintage cars" (1919-1930), "posi-vintage" (1931-1945 ), "classics" (1946-1955) and "post-classics" (from 1955 onwards, by age (older than 20 years from the date of issue). This unique historical perspective begins with the first Fiat in 1899, and Cisitalia 202 MM Spyder Tatstso Nuvolari , greeted visitors at the entrance to the museum.

How to covertly install the unit

How to covertly install the unit so that it did not get exploited? As the folk omen: install in the car music - to lose money. Many of us have themselves encouraged car thieves by buying from dubious people recorder «Kenwood» and «Sony» at a low price. Most likely, they have removed from people like you motorists. To steal the radio - receive a dose of a drug addict. Often cars are stolen from the car radio is drug-addicted people. They do not use sneaky pick and scanners that read codes signaling. They often enjoy the "proven" devices like valves and brick. As a result, on the cars appear broken locks and broken glass. A trophy shall be obtained for little money middlemen in the automotive market. Such people are rarely traded, so while waiting for the next "breaking up" they can sell the day they go back to "hunt". Then a kind of vicious circle. From ruin can be saved only insurance. Against breakage techniques available. Policemen, of course, check all the car and the radio market, delaying fence, and then released them. So how can we prove that this particular man sells stolen a thing very difficult. "I bought a man for a good price - and now sell it more expensive, where he took it - does not interest me" So how do you prevent theft of the unit, and protect themselves from intruders? The easiest way to get a removable system. This option is fairly reliable, but troublesome - a cassette recorder should always carry with them. Hide the device in the glove compartment or under the seat is meaningless, the thieves have long been aware of such caches.

How to choose the right audio system?

In general, any construction project, whichever it is, a small shed or a huge apartment complex with a large parking area and a helipad, begin to build with what they are doing the general construction plan. Naturally in the first case, this plan can fit on a piece of paper on which charges will be recorded and the amount of materials. In the second case of such a plan is terrible tackle. Therefore, planning a car audio system can not precede its appearance in your car. That consideration of this issue, I propose to do in this article. How to choose the right sound system to make it quality works in your environment? From what it should consist of? What types of systems? How do must begin and the end? Assume that you have the easiest option: in the car on the side of the sound is not found nothing. For ease of understanding we take the VAZ 21099, at least by the fact that all present, as it looks. Natural that the first wish of a man who wants to in his car playing music - is the installation of the radio. This process can not be called entertaining, though perhaps someone he like it. At a time when almost everything is connected, the question arises: "What should do to play?". Sound source is already installed in its rightful place in the center of the dashboard, but the speakers to him there. Here an ordinary motorist faced with the choice of quality and at the same time not expensive speaker systems. In our time on the market which just is not for sale, ranging from the cheap Chinese speakers, which cost a penny, but they have worked for you about the amount you spent on them.

Replacing the standard audio system in the Chevrolet Lacetti

Dissatisfaction with the owner of car audio standard - a very common phenomenon. Many people want something louder so powerful. And more often than standard audio dissatisfaction occurs in people who have cars that are located in the middle price range, that is, from 500 thousand to a million rubles. The fact that the choice of complete purchasers of these cars practically from which to choose. The manufacturer may provide for the installation two or three different options for audio, but no more. And even then, these systems are very similar to each other. Is that one more speaker, and another tape recorder a little better. Most modest nominal audio system for cars category average looks like this: tape recorder so four speakers. Most fancy might have up to 13 speakers. But the quality of audio is usually poor. They are made, I must say, not very soundly. Even if you buy the steep, you can still remain not fully satisfied. True, everyone can afford to improve the sound system in his car. You need only make a wish and make a clear plan of action. What do you need to replace the standard audio system in the Chevrolet Lacetti? The first thing needed, oddly enough, to do the replacement of standard speakers. Maybe the whole thing in them, and nothing else will not have to redo. Dynamics need to buy at least a class above those that were on your car before. Next, you need to do what is called audiopodgotovkoy Chevrolet Lacetti. The word "preparation" is used here not by accident - the car should be properly converted into the installation of new columns.

Car Audio: Radios, amplifiers, subwoofers

You have a stylish, brand-new beautiful car. You have learned to avoid traffic jams, to communicate with motorists the same as you, but ... Something all the same you do not have enough, so to speak, to be completely happy. Maybe you do not have a really high-quality audio system, consisting of the following car audio: radio, amplifiers, subwoofers? Of course your car is equipped with the basic configuration of audio system that includes standard columns (4-6 pcs.) Sleek and conventional cassette. But what can you do if the rustle and rattle of the columns was finally fed up? Replacing the speakers first thing to do - is to change the dynamics. It is best to contact a qualified car service with a request to increase the quality of noise reduction and change the class of speakers for the best. Frankly, this procedure is not particularly expensive, because only experts will remove the cause of chatter, and the cavity damp. Leash with a tape recorder would remain "family", the factory. But do not assume that this is not enough. You are, after all, do not aspire to win the grand prize in a competition of the best car audio, so this change would be sufficient. And now, the music sounds nice spreads through the cabin of your vehicle, performing its main function of the road - makes the trip enjoyable Bole and does not distract you at the noises. But if you and this is not enough, make the next step. Replacing the radio Secondly, we carry out to connect an external amplifier and, therefore, change the radio.

How to choose a sound system for the car

History of the VAZ

"Toyota" - stands for the Volga Automobile Factory. And of course, to create brand trucks in Togliatti, Samara region. This Russian company specializes in producing many brands of cars with high cross. Creates such cars as: Lada, Lada, Niva. Let's start, the history of the VAZ tell you much about his arrival in the automotive world. The first building a car factory began in 1967 when the USSR Council of Ministers appointed Deputy Minister of Industry on cars Polyakov VN, chief designer also has to act in this matter Solovyov VS First of all engineers wanted to release 220,000 cars for a year, and it really happened in 1971. As the basis for the production of small cars was taken by car FIAT - 124. Power of the first vehicles produced at the plant was 60 horsepower, maximum speed was around 140 km / h. Generally, from the outset car Lada was designed as a people's car, that is, without any additional features in the car and on a relatively inexpensive cost. Designers and engineers have thought through every detail and knew exactly what was such a car would be able to saturate the truly insatiable Soviet market. Moreover, that while the money was nearly all motorists, and they did not even occur to fly heaped foreign car when the sale is quite normal for that time, quality and even a comfortable car. But neither the designers nor, unfortunately, not the mechanics figured out the most important problems that can confront any car enthusiast. And all the people who have bought good enough, the new and newly produced car collided with a massive collapse of the troubles which fell upon them from all sides.

Brand History Mercedes - Benz

Mercedes Benz - German manufacturer of luxury cars, buses and trucks. Mark is currently the division's parent company, Daimler AG (before Daimler Chrysler AG). The history of trademark Mercedes - Benz begins after the first gasoline powered car Karl Benz. Mercedes-Benz also produces buses, mainly for Europe and Asia. Mercedes-Benz produces a range of vans. The first factory to be built outside Germany after WWII was in Argentina. It originally built trucks, many of which have been changed, and called Colectivo. Today, it builds buses, Trucks and the van Sprinter. Produced significant models in 1928: A racing car SSK 1930: 770 "Mercedes Grosser" state and ceremonial car 1934god: 500 K 1936god: 260 first diesel production car in the world of D 1936: 170 1938: Speed ??record holder W195 1951: Mercedes-Benz 300, as "Adenauer Mercedes 1953: Models of" pontoon "in 1954: 300SL" Gullwing "in 1959: Models" Fintail "1960: 220SE 1963: 600" Grand Mercedes "1963: 230SL "Pagoda" 1965: Mercedes-Benz S-Class in 1966: 300SEL 6.3 liters in 1968: Cars of very small class of "new generation" W114 1969: C111 experimental vehicle in 1972: Mercedes-Benz W107 350SL 1974: 450SEL 6.9 1974: 240D 1976: 300D 1979: 500SEL and G Class 1983: 190E 2.3-16 1986: Top E-Class 1991: 600SEL 1993: The beginning of the C-Class 1995: The first Mercedes-Benz & AMG (C43 AMG ) 1995: AMG Mercedes-Benz SL73, 7.3 V12 (the most powerful engine ever produced by Mercedes-Benz), 1996: Mercedes-Benz Renntech E7.4RS 1997: Mercedes-Benz M Class 1996: Mercedes-Benz CLK 1997: Mercedes-Benz SLK 2004: Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren 2004: Mercedes-Benz CLS 2007: E320, GL320 Bluetec, ML320 Bluetec, R320 Bluetec 2010: Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Cars McLaren SLR McLaren car on display at the 2006 European Motor Show in Brussels.

Device, and particularly diesel engines

In this article we consider the structure and features of the diesel engine, from the beginning to the present day. The world's first fully working diesel, built in 1897 in Augsburg, had the only working cylinder with a diameter of 250 mm and developed up to 19.8 horsepower. In this unit as a whole had more than three meters in height. What you need to know about the diesel engine to the potential buyer? Besides who lured advantages of the unit, capable of producing a maximum of 6000 rpm and still decided to part with some earned thousands of blood and sweat rather conventional units? In fact, nothing, except that at the gas station would have to drive up to the column marked "DT", completely forgetting your favorite number "98". The same manual, same pedals, same wheel, same user interface. Here are just some reason, the pace of sales of SUVs, equipped with a diesel-powered, gain, pardon the pun, turnovers. Speaking seriously, then this process can not but rejoice, because the stereotypes - something difficult to overcome. Nevertheless, at this stage, diesel is already slowly losing brutal glory of the conqueror of untilled fields Nechernozemie, prescribing under the hood is not the weakest polnoprivodnikov. We're not talking about the ascetic warriors with bad roads like the LR Defender, far, we are talking about those sleek comrades, who are unlikely nyuhnet anything harder shattered country road to suburban villa. Three-meter power first appearance of diesel engine on Russian soil dates back to 1898, then known industrialist Emmanuel Nobel, sensibly considering the prospects of the invention engineer Rudolf Diesel, refocused on the issue of diesel engines its St.

History of Ferrari, a car

The origins of Opel car

Policeman supercar Brabus CLS Rocket

Specifications Humvee vehicle

Three completely different machines on different platforms, and different sizes, and all of the features, but neither are many common: an unforgettable style, morale, brutality. Not for nothing slogan hummer sounds like "nothing like this!", And themselves specifications Car Hummer inspire confidence as a highway and off-road for the deaf. But most drivers still do not differ from NC H1 ??and even more so from the H2. Due to this, of course, the marketing policies of the GM, whose members are called H2 and cars NC ", respectively the second and third generation of the famous American SUV. What is there generation? These machines only general angular shape, and six ribs on the false radiator lattice labeled Hummer. Although the pictures in the press release almost no perceptible difference, but it's worth to put cars in a row, as everything becomes clear. External differences in body H1 Wagon (station wagon) is, crackling diesel. Like a real warriors, in the appearance of nothing more, everything is simple and reliable. True, soldiers this year already retired, but still has not lost its former bearing. Rear view of a little spoiling the lack of spare wheel, it is not provided. CTIS (Central Tire Inflation System - a centralized paging system) allows you to adjust tire pressure while on the go, and if the compressor fails, it does not matter - you can go to run-flat wheel has thirty kilometers at a speed of 50 km / h. On H2 and NC such a system there, but the wheel hanging on the tailgate gives the appearance of a more complete image.

History of creation Humvee vehicle

The birth of the most famous American brand Hummer

Hammer - one of the most well-known brands, led by General Motors. The main products of the factory - Specialty ATVs increased capacity. The plant itself is located in Indiana, namely in Mishavaka. Development and production of Humvees began when the army of America was in need of new roomy cars that could move through any terrain. Requested by the government in 1979 General Motors began developing the new generation car. Program to develop cars became known as the HMMWV M 998, which stands for "highly mobile wheeled vehicle for various purposes, the modification of 998. The Americans immediately dubbed a "vehicle" as "Hamm - form." After some modifications the car has to bear the proud name of the Hammer. This was the birth of the most famous American brand Hummer. The task before the designers of General Motors was not the easiest - the requirements for conversion have been insane. First, Hammer had to contain a number of soldiers in full combat ammunition clearance vehicle would be sufficient to travel over rough terrain, and yes even the height of the vehicle should be such that it was difficult to get from a heavy gun. In general, much effort has gone by the designer to meet all the wishes of the military. But within 11 months of General Motors introduced the world novelty - the M 998, which was released commercially in 1981 under the name N1 (this name is more familiar with the simple layman). The military began to carry out various tests with the car - he came out of all scrapes with highly elevated nose.

Professional SUVs - conquerors of off-road

Everything can be divided into three classes of off-road vehicles. Younger will be considered crossovers (they are also often referred to as "SUVs"). Middle part, we assume universal SUVs, designed to ride as the roads and over rough terrain. For high school students to assign a professional off-road, the main purpose of which - the mud puddle. About them and talk in this article. Classic SUVs - are the descendants of the legendary army jeep jeep. These machines were originally created for use in off-road conditions. Mud puddle - of their profession, however, do not think that a professional off-road car - a car with a purely brutal appearance a la "Jeep Wrangler or a Land Rover Defender. SUVs are the modern and beautiful, and luxurious, and generally what you want. More difficult to figure them out. However, to reveal this conqueror of off-road - can be. The main features of three. This is a support frame, axle suspension and the presence of a significant downshift ratio (not less than 1,8). Now let's talk more about each item. The first condition for the "pros" - is a powerful spar frame is capable of protecting the body from the blows, which in the present roads can not be avoided. Axle suspension - it is a strong bridge, girder, which is attached to the frame without hinges. Simple and sturdy construction. Pits and stones from a car suspension almost scary. The lowest part of the bottom - the main transmission sump. The rest - the car a huge clearance (clearance).

The main advantages of cars on gas

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) has all the information valuable fuel for internal combustion engines. Gas on the planet is regarded as a public eco-fuel that is better than gasoline. Plays an important role that the use of gas will not change the machine design, and will use cases and gasoline and natural gas as fuel. Liquefied natural gas has some physical and chemical properties, which should be considered to achieve greater economic and operational effect. Petroleum gas is a mixture of propane, butane and insignificant amount (around 1%) of unsaturated hydrocarbons. To date, at the gas stations are imported brands such gas, as the winter (85-95% propane) and summer (45-55% propane), established by GOST. This connection determines the properties of LPG, depending on air temperature and allows operation of the car with gas at any time of year. Liquefied gas is stored in the container under pressure from its own vapor at a temperature that does not depend on the volume of gas in the tank. This circumstance makes it possible to use all the gas in the cylinder. The main advantages of cars at a gas composed of: economy, anti-knock resistance. Octane number of gas is - 103-105, eliminates the possibility of explosion engine. This advantage is gas allows its use in engines with high compression ratio operating on high octane, expensive, gasoline. The absence of catalysts, metal fracture - the gas is not harmful contaminants - lead, sulfur, which in chemical reactions damaging to the combustion chamber.

Crossover Rally Fighter by Local Motors

The most important tuning show in Las Vegas, opening on 3 November, the company plans to introduce a crossover Rally Fighter. The company Local Motors finally completed its project to create a crossover with a turbodiesel engine. This event was awaited by millions of people around the world, as they participated in the design of the car. Local Motors Company of Massachusetts, the company manages a former Marine Jay Rogers, who in 2008 ran an Indian company to manufacture motorcycles. Production takes place in a regional, specialized workshops, workshops also will serve as a service station. The first such workshop is Veyrheme. Design of machines will be engaged in is not big factories. In 2010, plans to build such workshops in the states of: Arizona and Phoenix. The company plans to build 50 micro-refineries in different states. Interestingly also the fact that all the drawings car can be found on any registered user. What can not be seen in Russia. As the developers say, they used the work of designers from the Internet - Communities. The company spent a lot of time on design competitions, the main prize of the competition was the embodiment of the sketch. Indeed crossover design was created by the wishes of users. But the body and chassis are made tuners are fully merit of the company. New Rally Fighter is considered a crossover, it was designed by designer Kim Sango - The Japanese students, and he also drew cars online community. The crossover is equipped with 3.0 liter diesel equipment.

The main characteristic of gasoline is the octane number

In this article, "The main characteristic of gasoline is the octane number" we will tell you about the octane number, what it is and that it defines where it is used. Almost all modern machines use 4-stroke engines. Each cycle affects the inclusion of compression when the piston begins to compress the combustion chamber a mixture of fuel and air before a spark to ignite its spark. The compression ratio engine is also called the size of the compression mixture. Gasoline engines may also have compression ratio 8-1. _ So octane fuel tells us about how it can be compressed before it spontaneously ignite. If a mixture of gasoline ignited not by a spark, but because of the compression, it will knock. It will lead to very serious damage to your engine, so it must be fought. Know that the low-octane gasoline (say, A-92 is easy to cope with a smaller aspect ratio before ignition). The desired octane number determines the compression ratio engine. Increased compression ratio - this is one of the ways how to increase engine power, without changing its volume. The main advantage of any engine with a higher octane rating - is, of course, his power. Again, its main drawback - it's too expensive fuel. Incidentally the word "octane" has the following origin: When crude oil was subjected to "cracking" on the refinery plant, then received a huge amount of hydrocarbon chains CH, their chains were of different lengths. These chains can easily be separated from each other and get different kinds of fuel.

The main characteristic of gasoline - Octane number

Honda: past, present and future. Brief history of the company

"The entrepreneur should not put a plausible goal, and do not be afraid of defeat" - more than once Saichiro Honda, who is the founder of the corporation Honda. And indeed, this principle lesson Saichiro in childhood, influenced his whole life and the lives of many people today. Indeed, precisely because of this principle, Saichiro Honda was able to succeed, which is still accompanied by the company Honda. As he began development of the company, whose products today is one of the best selling in its segment, not only in Japan but around the world? And it happened in 1948 in postwar Japan. It was then, with experience in building racing cars Saichiro Honda decided to produce cheap transportation for Japanese workers. The first vehicle was a so-called velomoped - Bike mounted with its kerosene engine. Moped called the Honda D from the English word dream - a dream. "I do not remember exactly why dream. I've often said that Honda will be the producer of world-class, so slowly, the bike was called a dream "- said many years later Saichiro Honda. The model went into production in 1951. And in 1957, a model called the Super cub, which honors was an unusual step that had been convenient for women and adolescents. Both models were great fun. Already in 1961, Honda produced about a hundred thousand riders per month. To the 70 th Honda was holding about 60 percent of the world market, and by 1990 production was 3 million units per year. Legendary Saichiro Honda has repeatedly argued that adhered to its rules.

The secret of success of Michael Schumacher

Tuning Car Zaporozhets ZAZ

An interesting picture - Zaporozhets bright orange color. But appearances - is just the beginning. One Cossack, which will be discussed, it can "make" even a Mercedes. That is so easy and simple. It seems sort of weird idea, but it becomes very real, when you see it with my own eyes. More recently came to light a new creation from the company EL Motors, which manufactures exclusive cars from domestic cars. As a basis for future supercar was taken Zaporozhets simple. True, the price for the ZAZ was such as to a Mercedes. As for speed performance, it is the work not inferior to even the Ferrari and Porsche. Here it is, fantastic! This car has appreciated our famous racer Alexei Vasiliev, who personally made a test-drive cars. Before this car was born in biker circles were often talking about what someone needed to buy two excellent wells and parse them into pieces. It took exactly engines on these Yamaha R1. As you may have guessed, those "someone" have become engineers in the company's El Motors. These brand-new engines planned to put on a new supercar, which was built more than a year and a half. It is said that the project was launched thanks to some private customers, who wishes to remain anonymous. The main requirement was to get a really unique car that has not been anything like the world. Masters of the task of tuning the car Zaporozhets ZAZ understand and execute. We all know that Zaporozhets popularly known as "Brokeback" because his body shape.

Bugatti, the history of model cars

Company Bugatti, the history of model cars began in the town of Molsheim, France. The company expects to make a fast car, it took up an Italian immigrant, described as an eccentric genius - Ettore Bugatti. The original company is legendary that has produced some of the best cars in the world, so also the fastest. The original Bugatti brand failed with the exit from the World War II. The death of Ettore's son Jean was also a negative factor. The company struggled financially, and has released a latest model in the 1950's, before they bought part of the business airplane industry in the 1960's. Today the name of the company belongs to Volkswagen Group, the construction of extremely limited production sports cars. Founder Ettore Bugatti was born in Milan, Italy, and the automobile company that bears his name, was founded in 1909 in Molsheim, located in Alsace. The company was known and the level of development of parts for cars, Ettore family (his father, Carlo Bugatti (1856-1940) was an important designer of furniture and jewelry Art Nouveau). The company also enjoyed great success in the early racing engines Grand Prix, winning the first ever Monaco Grand Prix. The company's success culminated with driver Jean-Pierre Wimille double win 24 Hours of Le Mans (in 1937 with Robert Benoist and 1939 with Pierre Veironom). Bugatti cars were works of art, because they were created mechanically. Surfaces were so flat that it is not required to isolate, many surface exposed engine compartment.

Start a grandiose way concern BMW

Homeland of this concern is Germany. Firms producing aircraft engines have been created by Karl Rapp and Gustav Otto in Munich at the same time, in 1913. Soon after the First World War and orders companies have increased significantly. Then the businessmen decided to come together and created a new company, Bayerische Motoren Werke - BMW. "Bavarian Motor Works" were recorded in July 1917. This was the beginning of a grand way by BMW. Work on a joint factory boil. Chief designer was Max Fritz, who worked previously in the famous company Daimler. It was he who became the founder of engine BMW III a. Aircraft equipped with this engine, the end of 1917 set a world record lift at high altitude record was 9,760 meters. The History of the BMW badge is very interesting. The creators decided to divide the circle into four parts so that it resembled the shape of a propeller in the sky. Two pieces of painted white (propeller), and the remaining two in blue (the color of the sky). In addition, the national colors of Bavaria, the home group were white, and blue. After the war, was signed the Treaty of Versailles, on which all the inhabitants of Germany were forbidden to make any engines for aircraft. And it was the only product produced by the plant. But the Germans were resourceful entrepreneurs and repurpose their business. BMW began producing engines for motorcycles, and then themselves motorcycles. The first motorcycle was released in 1923. R32 was presented at an exhibition in Paris, where he immediately won the sympathy of all.

Features Chevrolet Corvette Stingray

Our life goes on. Every day, upgraded something old and there is something new. With such a race for something new and unique, we sometimes forget that what we were, say, 10 years ago. But, thank God, there are some things that we can remember those, like not far away, but the bygone era. There are many things, such as the legendary Elvis plate, Adidas sneakers, and to this list, you can add features Chevrolet Corvette. The first Corvette was produced and presented to the public back in 1953. He had a fiberglass body. But, unfortunately, was not quite a powerful engine that, in principle, and prevented a large and successful sales. After all, the power for a car is essential. In this regard, they decided to fix the problem with the engine and two years later, the engine was replaced by the unit, which had 225 horsepower with a three-speed manual gearbox. But despite this, up until 1963, Corvett constantly subjected to modernization and improvement. Its development is not set went forward. And so, in 1963, public critics and ordinary motorists, was introduced Chevrolet Corvette Stingray. Most of them expressed their admiration for this product. A futuristic design, in particular, recorded a Chevrolet Corvette Stingray. The creator of this unique design was by David Halls. Here he applied and podshtampovki muscular type, complex plastic boards, and even today the car many consider the most beautiful car of all time. When you create that image, he used the most ordinary bottle of Coca-Cola, particularly inspired waist elegant bottles.

History of BMW cars

The best supercars past and present

The best supercars past and present, is not only a means of transportation from point A to point B. It is a world in which no accepted common standards. This is a world in which machines are the embodiment of luxury and prestige. In the mid-60's have turned out Lamborghini's fastest production car in the world, has become a revolution in the automotive industry. He became recognized as one of the last century supercar - it's Lamborghini Miura. The first thing to catch the eye Miura, a landing. The lowest point of landing in this car racing type is only ten centimeters from the surface of the roadway. Before the driver's eyes are the two main instrument. Speedometer, with the scale 320 kilometers per hour and a tachometer. What is interesting, starting with a speedometer scale is 40 kilometers per hour. The central part of the panel resembles the cockpit. And indeed, this allegory is confirmed by a large number of various switches located at the top. Gearshift lever corresponds to the scheme of Italian, so beloved by many motorists. If passengers Lamborghini began to get nervous, but it really often happened in their possession were not only rail, but also special footrests. When driving at low landing Miura exciting. The driver is almost in a chair, as in real racing cars of the time. The driver offers spectacular views through the windshield. He literally hovered over the road. Feet at the same time had set on both sides of the steering wheel. Landing is not the most familiar, but the roof is a standard height.

The fastest sports car

Bugatti Veyron, top speed

The fastest car in the world recognized Bugatti Veyron (engine size - 8 l, power - 1001 hp), and James Meyu nicknamed 'Captain Helix'. Apparently opposites still attract. Bugatti Veyron, which reaches a maximum speed of 230 km / h, is considered the fastest car sport class.

The theory of internal combustion engine

The internal combustion engine is one of the most widely used in engineering. Install it on boats, tractors, ships, cars, etc., on the planet can be well read about hundreds of millions of these engines. In this article we describe what the theory of internal combustion engine. So, let's begin. Devices piston engine. The main part of the internal combustion engine is a gas distribution and a crank mechanism, as well as cooling systems, power supply, ignition and lubrication system. Crank mechanism is designed to convert the rectilinear translational reciprocal motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crankshaft. Timing mechanism to ensure timely admission of fuel into the cylinder and remove it from the products of combustion. The power supply system is needed to prepare and submit a combustible mixture into the cylinder, and take the products of combustion. Lubrication system is needed to supply oil to the details of interactions to partially cool them and reduce the friction force, together with the circulating oil washes away the carbon deposits and removes the products of wear. The normal temperature of the engine supports the cooling system, which facilitates extraction of heat from a heat-generating components valve train and cylinder piston group. Ignition system ignites the working mixture in the cylinder. Classification of ICE by method of formation of the mixture: the internal formation of a mixture (mixture will be formed by working inside the cylinders) - Diesel engines.

The design of the camshaft and drive

There are three important characteristics of the construction of a camshaft, and they control the engine power curve: gas distribution phase of the camshaft, valve opening duration and magnitude of valve lift. Later in this article we will describe what constitutes a design camshafts and their drive. Valve lift is usually calculated in millimeters and represents the distance at which the maximum valve moves away from the saddle. The duration of valve opening - this time, which is measured in degrees of crankshaft rotation. Length can be measured in different ways, but because the maximum flow with a small valve lift, duration measures the usually after the valve is already rising from the seat by a certain amount, often it is 0,6 or 1,3 mm. For example, a specific camshaft may be the duration of the opening in 2000 turns when climbing in the 1.33 mm. As a result, if we use the rise of the pusher in the 1.33 mm as a stopping point and started lifting the valve, the camshaft will hold the valve in the open state during the 2000 rotation of the crankshaft. If the duration of valve opening will be measured at zero lift (when he was just moving away from the seat or in it), the length of the crankshaft will be 3100 or even more. Moment when a certain valve closes or opens, often called phase camshaft timing. For example, the camshaft can perform the action of opening the intake valve at 350 before top dead center and close it at 750 after the bottom dead center. Increase the separation valve lift can be a useful effect in increasing engine power, since power can be added without significant interference with the engine performance, especially at low revs.

The price for a car Aston Martin Rapide Sept. 5 at

Differences between model Aston Martin One-77

The famous auto show in Geneva, has witnessed the world premiere of the new offspring of the famous British car manufacturer - Aston Martin One-77. Left behind months of waiting, dozens psevdodostovernyh pictures from the Internet and carefully calculated PR-company. Features of the market are supercars that demand always exceeds supply and in the case of Aston Martin One-77 This rule has found its further confirmation. The company Aston Martin has planned to release 77 copies One-77 and has already received about 100 applications, advance secured not less than 200 thousand pounds. The total cost of a supercar on various estimates range from 1.2 million to 1.7 million pounds. So in what is the difference between models of Aston Martin One-77 from its known competitors? Background: Prior to the establishment, the company's specialists have carefully studied the experience of a supercar classic rear-wheel drive layout. Source of inspiration for them were racing car series DTM (Deutschen Produktionswagen Meisterschaft). Design: The body of the noble Briton was designed in close collaboration with Multimatic, a leader in the creation of carbon fiber materials and technologies for their production. By carboxylic chassis will be fitted aluminum panels hand-made. All forms of car body have been very carefully worked out with an aerodynamic point of view. And though at first glance at the side surfaces of the body One-77 seems to us that Mercedes-Benz SLR, but on closer examination are seen dramatic differences.

How to differentiate between the types of car bodies

Automotive - a vast field of activity for today's designers. Over the past few decades, created a lot of new models of cars of different brands. Improved not only the interior of the car and "inner content", but the car body. At the moment, the number of body types more than doubled. Manufacturers strive to unite in one body style a few standard designs. Options like one another, but they can be discerned. To learn how to distinguish between types of vehicle bodies, will talk in this article. Types of bodies of cars are divided into three groups: 1. One-volume 2. Two-volume 3. Three-volume. Three-volume vehicle. For the three-volume group of bodies include: convertibles, sedans, coupes and pickups. A distinctive feature of this car body is protruding trunk and hood. This body type has a limited ability to transform the trunk and passenger compartment. Coupe and sedan. The most prestigious body type is sedan. The main difference from a sedan Coupe - is the number of doors. Compartment - a two-door design. Sedan is the basic design coupe, but the difference not only in the number of doors. Coupe - a sportier look, the body is somewhat lower and the motor is more powerful. Sometimes, liftback coupe reminiscent of the three-door models. But even if the three-volume coupe body just can not be determined, we can look at the location of the tailgate. If the door is vertical - it means before you hatch. If the baggage door is nearly horizontal - this coupe. Coupe-cabriolet, coupe and roadster.