The theory of internal combustion engine

The internal combustion engine is one of the most widely used in engineering. Install it on boats, tractors, ships, cars, etc., on the planet can be well read about hundreds of millions of these engines. In this article we describe what the theory of internal combustion engine. So, let's begin. Devices piston engine. The main part of the internal combustion engine is a gas distribution and a crank mechanism, as well as cooling systems, power supply, ignition and lubrication system. Crank mechanism is designed to convert the rectilinear translational reciprocal motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crankshaft. Timing mechanism to ensure timely admission of fuel into the cylinder and remove it from the products of combustion. The power supply system is needed to prepare and submit a combustible mixture into the cylinder, and take the products of combustion. Lubrication system is needed to supply oil to the details of interactions to partially cool them and reduce the friction force, together with the circulating oil washes away the carbon deposits and removes the products of wear. The normal temperature of the engine supports the cooling system, which facilitates extraction of heat from a heat-generating components valve train and cylinder piston group. Ignition system ignites the working mixture in the cylinder. Classification of ICE by method of formation of the mixture: the internal formation of a mixture (mixture will be formed by working inside the cylinders) - Diesel engines. with the external formation of a mixture in which the combustible mixture is mixed outside the cylinder (gas or Otto) According to the method of operating cycle: two-stroke four-cycle of the number of cylinders: single-cylinder two-cylinder multiple cylinders for cylinders: V-shaped with the cylinders are arranged at an angle (when the cylinders are arranged at an angle 180 degrees is called boxer engine or motor with opposite cylinders) with an inclined or a vertical cylinder in a row, by way of cooling: air cooled, liquid-cooled In view of fuel: gas diesel gasoline multi-fuel mixture by compression: low (E = 4. .. 9) High-compression (E = 12 ... 18), Compression By the way filled cylinder fresh charge: a supercharged, in which the inlet fuel-air mixture or air into the working cylinder is under pressure, which creates a compressor, in order to obtain higher engine power and increase the charge, naturally aspirated, in which the intake of combustible mixture or air is carried out during the suction piston due to low pressure in the cylinder. According to the rotation frequency: high-speed high-speed low-speed Principle of operation. Reciprocating internal combustion engine works by using the thermal expansion of gases that are heated in the process of moving the piston from top to bottom dead center. In the situation of TDC gases are heated as a result of the fact that burning fuel / air mixture in the cylinder. The pressure and temperature of gas rises. Due to the fact that the pressure under the piston is equivalent to atmospheric pressure, and inside the cylinder is many times more, it was under the influence of the difference in the pressures of the piston will move downward, while expanding gases will prodelyvat useful work. In order to keep engine produces mechanical energy need to periodically fill the new portion of air cylinder. This is usually done through an inlet valve, fuel is fed through a nozzle, and a mixture of them can be fed through the inlet valve. After the expansion of the combustion products be removed from the cylinder through the exhaust valve. All these tasks are controlled by valve gear, it opens and closes the valves, and supplies fuel to the system. Duty cycle engine - is a series of sequential processes that are recurring. These processes occur in each cylinder and cause the conversion of heat energy into mechanical work. If the total work will be carried out in two piston stroke, in other words, one revolution of crankshaft, such a two-stroke engine will be called. However, as a rule, car engines operate on the four stroke cycle is completed it within two turns of the crankshaft or 4 stroke. Cycle consists of two stroke, the expansion of (progress), exhaust stroke, and compression. The operating principle of two-stroke engine main distinguish two-stroke engine of four-is that it combustible mixture cylinders filled at the beginning of the compression stroke the piston and cylinders are cleaned from the exhaust gas at the end of the extension. In other words, the processes of intake and exhaust take place without additional independent movement of the piston. General process of all kinds of two-stroke engine is its blowing, or process in which with the help of air flow or fuel-air mixture are removed from the exhaust gas cylinder. That is why at the engine of this type is always a compressor or blow pump. Let's look at the work of gasoline two-stroke engine with a crank chamber scavenging. In this type of engine valves do not, their role does the piston, which is moving, closes the exhaust, intake and Purge window. Through these windows in the right moments inlet pipe is connected to the exhaust and sump (crankcase), which has no contact with the atmosphere. In the middle of the cylinder, three windows: the exhaust, intake and vent, communicating with the crankcase and the engine valve. Also in the theory of an internal combustion engine must mention the difference between diesel and carbureted two-stroke engine. Their main difference is that the cylinder diesel engine arrives not a combustible mixture, and the air at the end of the compression stroke injection is melkoraspylennogo fuel. Engine power with two ticks almost twice as much, due to the fact that during the same time he is two times more cycles.