Repair of tubeless tires on their own

The main advantage of the Chamber of wheels is the possibility of repairing it yourself, without expert tire store. Very popular chamber wheel used cars from owners who can not use the services of professionals because of the considerable distance that must be overcome to the nearest service center. Assumed that the tubeless tire can not be repaired without the involvement of professionals. In fact, it is not. To repair a wheel on their own will not be difficult, even in field conditions. You must have your special bundles and patches. On assurances sellers of such materials, often repairs made by the hands, much better, than by specialists in their field. Very often in the repair of wheel tire mounting professionals use substandard materials, which significantly reduces the quality of repairs. This publication will talk about how to conduct repairs tubeless tires on their own. Chamber puncture tires, coupled with a puncture of the camera itself, leads to the exit air out not only through the puncture hole, but also to more serious consequences. The air that fills the space between the camera and the bus will pass through the gap formed between the rim and the tire itself. In this case, the chamber wheel to come down much faster, leading to repair (replacement) of the camera with the obligatory bead. One of the drawbacks of cell-wheel drive, compared with tubeless is more likely to puncture the chamber from the inside due to rupture or wear cords. Puncture tubeless wheel air flows out only through a hole punch.

The pressure regulator in the rear brakes

For passenger cars, equipped with a hydraulic brake actuator without ABS, apply a pressure regulator. It is often considered a mysterious host, devoid of the functional. But it is not so - this component is the brake system provides a more stable braking, even on slippery roads at high speed. In this publication we consider the pressure regulator in the rear brakes. Mechanisms of inhibition. During braking, the constituent parts of tire tread slip in the longitudinal direction relative to the coverage. The larger the slip, the more susceptible to the side effects of the wheel, while yuze the slightest impact of cross-wheel shift in the direction. To preserve the stability of the machine under braking especially significant sequence Hughes. If locking the rear wheels occurs before the front, even minor side effects (the helm or gusts of wind drift) can initiate the growing drift car. The car, still coasting, front-wheel clings to the road surface, and rear, locked, slide to the side. As a result, the car starts to rotate around the front formed an "anchor". Anticipatory lock the front wheels due to the formation of an "anchor" the back stabilizes the vehicle. Is highly undesirable when immediately blocked all-wheel drive, although the situation is more favorable than the first version of the wheel lock. With all the possible options for booting the machine, decelerating on all surfaces, the first to be blocked by the front wheels. In practice, the car under braking "bite" nose, unloading the rear wheels, and they begin to "take on the skid" before.

Welding methods and their brief description

Auto-owners, when confronted with the problems of repairing their own transport, necessarily become experts in various fields of "science and technology." One should have at least a superficial understanding of those faults that are not insured, no car, and how to address them, before entrusting your vehicle to a particular specialist. Yes, and to select the wizard will also need to possess some, albeit minimal information, which will serve as a criterion for this choice. One of the most sought after operations to repair a car - it's welding. It is necessary in many cases, but is mainly used for car body repairs, to restore its integrity. After all, as a result of exposure to the metal aggressive environment it is exposed to corrosive processes, and in addition, any car can get the mechanical damage, in particular, as a result of the accident. Below, we consider, what are welding methods and their brief description, as well as the pros and cons of each method. Brief description of the oxygen-acetylene gas welding. This is one of the most famous and old ways of joining metal parts. Apparatus for its implementation is fairly simple structure. Acetylene mixed with oxygen during combustion produces heat, which can heat the metal to 3000 degrees. The main difference between this method of welding on the other is that it allows a slow heating of the metal, which is both an advantage and disadvantage of this method. Gas welding is advisable to apply for those jobs that require the gradual heating of the metal.

Rules for vehicle maintenance

Performing any work, should seek to ensure that it was done most efficiently and effectively. This will at least cost of time and effort to get the best possible result. If you first encountered the problem of maintenance and repair of the car, then you should not rush. No need to immediately try to do everything quickly. After all, the main criterion for evaluating the results of work done is quality. It is also very important to remember about safety. After all, simple observance of its main rules allow you to avoid injury. How do we now describe in the article "Rules for the maintenance vehicle." Raise the car. When operating a car, especially when it is repaired, it is often necessary to lift the car. And the main tool for this is jack. And do not you just seemed to Jack, while working with him to be careful. After all, the need for its application arises not only when changing a wheel, but also for more complex repair work when it comes to work under the car. And if in the first case of malfunction or incorrect jack to install it, which led to a drop in the car or what you are facing, in the second case, it determines your life. So, what should be done to avoid problems while working with the jack? Rule one, designed to use the jack should be selected on the basis of what work you intend to do. Staff jackscrew is better to use only the road, in case of emergency. This greatly prolong the life, to the same high loads it is not safe to use. It is better to use hydraulic jacks capable of for a long time to withstand heavy loads.

Automotive ignition high-voltage wires

Search technical information on high-wires the ignition system, even in specialized publications - no easy task. However, a condition in which they are located, is critical for engine operation and its characteristics. What problems might face the motorist? This can be seen from the article about high-wire car ignition. Device and function. Automotive high-voltage wires (BB-wire) ignition system transmits electrical pulses of high voltage between the coil and spark plugs. They fall into two categories: ordinary and special. Usually have a metallic central conductor. They are covered with insulation of PVC, rubber, polyethylene, and a special envelope in order to increase their gas-oil resistant. Resistance of HV cables is quite low, about 18-19 ohms / km. They withstand voltage of 15-25 kV, and for their proper functioning requires resistors to suppress interference. Special HV cables have a more complex design and distributed parameters, which suppress interference. They consist of wires (for example, spiral), braids, which are made from different materials (cotton, linen, nylon, etc.), impregnation (graphite, ferroplastovye, manganese - nickel, nickel - zinc and others), and other components. Widespread special BB-wire, whose insulator is made of silicone-based. These wires have a high elasticity even at low temperatures, and withstand even the strongest inflection points. They do not overheat and do not dampen. Go to the ends of the wires by crimping or soldering attach electrical contacts and protective caps.

How to make a roll cage in the car

Safety cage - this is the main force of the rally car is designed to increase the safety of passengers and a driver in the cabin. Even the body plays a lesser role. Frame for each car is different. Usually it consists of a set of structures and pipes. Pipes are fastened together by welding and are attached at specific locations on the body of the car. Typically, the frame attached to the machine without disassembly. Frames vary in complexity of design and construction itself. By design they are distinguished by disposable and removable. Collapsible frames stiffness - is when the cell is attached to the door and the floor. And do not collapsible (welded) are usually complex in design, are associated with the power of the body. These frames are used only for the individual tuning. Just skeletons are subdivided for two or four door cars. When installed on a four-door five-seater car of this security framework, it becomes a double room as space for passenger seats behind the driver is given to a wreath frame. Material under the frame often is aluminum, the size of pipe which is 45h2, 5; 40h2, 0 cm tubes, usually painted in bright colors. Before you begin the manufacture of the frame, you have to decide on what car you put, and what frame you choose. The most convenient models are: VW Golf, VAZ 21083, Honda Civic, Mitsubishi Colt, etc. Many do not know how to make a roll cage in the car, so it was really solid and reliable. For a start it is desirable to make the layout of the body, such as clay.

What tool should be kept in the garage

To produce in a garage repair and maintenance of machines much easier if the right conditions and the necessary tools. As a rule, the majority of motorists there is a significant part of the necessary tools, but for a thorough repair of the car will need a lot of different devices. In this article we consider what tool is necessary to have in the garage for a "serious" repairs. Certainly, all in the garage have a set of wrenches, however, many auto owners prefer a combined universal keys. Let's say right away - it's wrong for quality repair, they do not fit. Nut public keys - such a tool must be kept in a garage in the full range, preferably in duplicate. Wrench and combo, as well as special pliers for screws are not used by experts because they are not comfortable in, spoiling the head bolts, if you use do not provide adequate effort. Be sure to purchase a set of socket wrench (head) with a tap wrench and extension. End keys are hexagonal and dvenadtsatigrannye. The latter have the advantage - make it possible to return the key to its original position after making the turn at a small angle, which in turn facilitates the work. In addition, these keys will be able to securely hold the bolt head and / or nut, even with deformed faces. Almost every car has a place where it is very difficult getting to the bolts and nuts, and thus take advantage of head wrench. But there is a need on the lathe running tap head outside to reduce their diameter. Significant fittings should be tightened some effort.

Types of maintenance and repair planovopredupreditelnogo

It is important that the car was always in good condition. On this depends the safety and comfort of movement. Before the trip, and after returning from her need to carefully check the technical condition of the car. As it is necessary to monitor the serviceability of the car and during the journey. This material will talk about the kinds of maintenance and repair planovopredupreditelnogo. What is the maintenance of the car? This work, which are associated with maintaining the healthy condition of cars. Work on the Elimination of faults called planovopredupreditelnym auto repair. Consider, what is the difference between planovopredupreditelnym repair and maintenance of vehicles. Vehicle maintenance - it's diagnosis and interventions aimed at maintaining the car in good condition. Such procedures are preventive actions. To conduct routine inspection should be periodically according to established guidelines. Planovopredupreditelny repairs - these are measures to be taken upon detection of any faults the car. Some sites require periodic vehicle repair or replacement, so the repair is more preventive in nature. This measure - is the foundation of vehicle maintenance. Vehicle maintenance - is timely cleaning and filling machines. Do not forget that after a certain mileage, some car units and components require adjustment or perform other necessary activities. Before operating the vehicle in summer and winter, cars need to prepare in advance. Vehicle maintenance means by itself the diagnosis, adjustment, lubrication, fueling and other activities that are not associated with the dismantling of units of the automobile.

Technology for manufacturing brake pads

Manufacturing of brake pads consists of two stages: making the actual shoes themselves and the manufacture of friction mass. Composition of the friction layer rather complicated, it includes over a dozen different mineral and organic components. Quite high and the requirements that must comply with the friction layer: High wear resistance of the material stable coefficient of friction, resistance to changes in temperature, speed and ability to pressure from the heated surface inhibitory site to absorb heat good damping qualities Ability to operate at high speeds (over 180km / h) and temperature (over 5000 ° C) clutch must be environmentally safe (no harmful metals, asbestos-free technology) to provide comfort when braking (no vibration and whistles) All the firms that are leading manufacturers of brake pads, consisting of a specialized research laboratory, where specialists are constantly working to improve the technology clutches. In order to confirm the high quality of shoes they are subjected to numerous tests, the most critical of which is a test of strength for the friction material, adhering to the base and check on termonagruzhennost. Manufacturers of special vehicle manufacturers to optimize the friction material is for individual car models, account being taken of their gross vehicle weight, speed and other characteristics. All this leads, naturally, to the fabulous cost, that certainly can not affect the value of finished products. It is for this reason, all the brands that are present in the markets can be divided into two categories: relative prices and relative quality.

Features of the market of spare parts for Japanese cars

Diagnosis of braking systems in motor vehicles

During the operation of the vehicle to monitor the serviceability of the brake system, because any malfunction of the braking vehicle, often, can lead to unpleasant consequences. How are diagnosed brake car, you can learn from this publication. Many drivers do not find time or too lazy to look under the hood of his car, and check the fluid level in the brake reservoir. But there can come a moment when the brake fluid level will drop to zero, and the next time you press the brake pedal, the driver will already be compressed no brake fluid and air. Of course, inside the cabin the driver simply notice a reduction in braking efficiency while driving, but if you're on time to control the brake fluid level, then you will be calmer, and other road users safer. You may be wondering, as far gone as brake fluid? Over time, any liquid evaporates slowly, and the details of the brake system is not eternal, for example, rust and vibration lead to loss of tightness of pipes and hoses of hydraulic drive, wear cuff sealing the pistons of cylinders. Wet footprints on the wheels or under your car, coinciding with the location of parts of the brake system malfunction, and you should abandon the trip, and eliminate this problem. Braking of the car - is a process of transition of the kinetic energy of a moving car into heat energy due to friction forces. Therefore, while the details of the working mechanisms in the brakes, and the space around, very hot. In this case, brake fluid, which is next to the cylinders and tubes is also significantly heated, and may at some point boil.

Repair cuff in a cylinder grip

If you press the clutch pedal, it sinks and remains in position at floor level - to face problems with the hydraulic fluid under pressure in the system. Operate the vehicle in this state absolutely can not. The maximum movement of your trip can run up to the nearest service stations, lifts, ramps or repair the well at the minimum speed. Causes of such problems can be quite a lot - a leak of brake fluid as a result of depressurization of the system, system contamination and ingress of air into the system, the loss of brake fluid its qualities as a result of boiling. In identifying problems with defective brake fluid it is sufficient to replace and bleed the system to remove air. More succinct in terms of eliminating the problem are the depressurization. Typically, they occur due to wear certain parts of the system. Therefore, the first check whether there is a leak. Brake fluid leakage can occur through the cuff or the main working cylinder pipe. Leaking master cylinder seals show itself the appearance of the brake fluid on the floor in the passenger compartment under the front panel. The flow of the working cylinder sleeves can be determined by inspection of the land under the car. Stains of brake fluid under the car - a true indication of transporting the car to the place of a more detailed inspection and repair. If leakage occurs through the cuff of the working cylinder when viewed from below the car will be seen by a drop of brake fluid on its surface. This problem can be resolved independently.

Bleeding the brake system on cars Gazelle

Rims for cars

The appearance of the car can also be judged on its wheels. After all, old and rusty wheels not only spoil the look of your car, but also make the car in the usual tub with screws. A beautiful wheels for cars, you can highlight elegance and beauty. However, how to choose such disks, so that they not only reflect the beauty, but also were quite functional and meets all safety requirements? One of the most important criteria that determine the quality of the wheels - that is their strength. This means that the wheels must not crumble in the movement and to withstand the maximum possible load. Tests that will be encountered on the road rims, such as deep ruts or tramway, may significantly spoil them. In life, we had no time to meet with such cases, when these obstacles proved to the last, in other words on the disc to break away a big chunk, or they do spread out. The next criterion by which we can judge how much high-quality wheels for cars you have installed - will make their weight. What weight is less, the behavior on the road confidently. The reason is that the wheel in conjunction with the disc may affect characteristics such as: handling, fuel consumption, speed, smoothness of movement. Experts estimate that if the lower weight of one wheel for about 1 km, the car can carry loads of about 50-60 pounds more. In our time, disks can be divided into species such as: molded, extruded, forged and alloy. Next, we examine each of these types of details: steel wheels for the car. Pressed steel wheels are the most common for a car.

How to change brake fluid in your car

In fact, all the fluid in the car after a while lose their properties, so they must be replaced from time to time. Brake fluid is not an exception, because its quality depends on vehicle safety. How to change brake fluid in your car, tell in this article. Brake fluids from different manufacturers, without exception, actively absorb moisture from the air. In the case of the moisture is more than 3,5% of brake fluid, the boiling point of liquid drops significantly. This may contribute to failure of the braking system of car during sudden stops. Moisture Absorption occurs most often through the "ventilation" tank, sealing the lapels and glands through the braking system. Certified devices, contributing to correctly determine the state of the brake fluid, are absent in the free enjoyment. That is why auto manufacturers recommend replacing the brake fluid from time to time, about every 2-3 years use, the more so when you change its color, in the case of security. We manufacture replacement brake fluid in your car yourself. Replacement of brake fluid can be produced, both independently and with the help of special equipment. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. In the case of self-replacement of brake fluid car-owner will spend about two hours, but the need for an assistant. A replacement fluid on the special equipment will cost, of course, more expensive, but will cope with this challenge, and one mechanic for only 15-20 min. Install will replace the fuel fluid under pressure from 1,5 to 2,0 atmospheres, which thus leads to low probability of airing of the brake system is also a system with ABS.

Major works in maintenance brake system

In this article we will tell you what principally responsible for maintenance of the braking system. With daily maintenance, must inspect the system for tightness of all connections brakes. On detecting leakage of air or fluid from the system it must be eliminated. The brakes checked on the move the car when it detects a fault, the brakes must be repaired immediately. First you need to check the tightness of the brake system. If you often have to top up the brake fluid in the system with hydraulic drive, from this we can conclude that there is a leak. Exactly where the liquid can be determined follows careful visual inspection. Working cylinders must be removed to inspect the brake drums. If you stumbled upon a loose connection, it should pull up, a defective cuff - is replaced by a new one. Places where the air outlet can be determined by the characteristic hiss in the compounds. Is there another way how to define an air leak - is necessary to dilute soapy water and fluff them all connections where leaks will begin to form bubbles. Eliminate this leakage, you can replace the damaged part (hose pipe nipple, etc.) or if it can be done to tighten the existing one. The fault is judged by checking the brakes while driving. Serviceable can be called a brake, which simultaneously and completely inhibit the car after pressing the brake pedal. They should provide braking in accordance with the "Rules of the road. Handbrake will be corrected if it will hold a car (no matter how much one is loaded) on the rise with a slope of 16%.

Repair and restoration of cast wheels

To ensure the continued existence of cast wheels, should be treated cautiously, and to clear their special funds. This article tells about the repair and restoration of cast wheels. Luxury car appearance is closely linked with alloy wheels. But the very light alloy wheels should look flawless. All discs for whatever price you do not become instantly lose their gloss, unless they are systematically not care. They are constantly exposed to brake dust and dirt streets. In addition, the first opponent cast wheels are curbs, because any illegal parking the car - and the cast wheels dent. The most primitive method of purification of CDs from dirt and dust is their obrabatyvanie powerful jets of water, and purification through brushes. In addition to this method to restore the cast wheels recommend the use of special cleaning agents. These tools are very effective, have a powerful effect. But when using such means, be careful as they often contain acids that contribute to erosion of the outer layer of the disc. In order for the work done by you for the care of alloy wheels to be effective, they must be preserved. The timely holding of conservation will protect discs during the season, as well as accelerate the process of purification in the future. If your cast on the discs is slightly damaged, then you can handle them without resorting to using the wizard. But the dents and chips must be repaired by professionals. Do not disregard the rules of the application. Cleansers for the drives have different purposes and have different actions.

How to repair cast car drives

Faults on the cast disks can be very different - it cracks and dents, and pognuvshiysya rim, and minor but unsightly chips and much more. Because of these are not too serious damage to part with the disk did not want to, and people turn to cast auto repair disks. But before talking about the repair of cast car drives, you need to figure out what kind of damage should be repaired. In other words, we will discuss the reasons for repairing cast wheels. One of the most compelling reasons is the cause of financial. Most car owners do not have such funds, that for any slightest damage to acquire a set of new cast wheels. Would be cheaper to repair the disk, especially if the damage is not too serious. Another good reason could provide a sudden breakdown of the disc away from auto shops. In this case the driver tries to quickly get to the nearest service centers or auto shops. However, auto shops, there are still fewer services, and the choices are not always such a need. In addition, the driver, who received a "surprise" will likely be no time for careful selection of cast drive your car. Naturally, in this case, he prefers to cast auto repair buying a new drive. Probably for this reason can be attributed, and the following case: in case of breakage drive the car owner just decided to replace it with new. However, after numerous trips to the shops turns out that he needed to drive sales there. Unfortunately, the call Hottabych in such cases, we can not, therefore, will likely have to go to the car wash.

How to repair alloy wheels

The design and materials of sliding bearings

Bearings (friction) - is an integral piece, without which it is impossible to fully work any internal combustion engine. These days, auto manufacturers use many types of irreplaceable items. This publication describes the construction and materials bearings. The need for bearings (friction), as well as their appearance is linked to the first chariot, mills and communities in order to pottery. The first stages of bearings is a simple primitive structure, which is a hole in which to insert the shaft or axle. Initially, the development and improvement of this part is to develop new lubricants and improve their properties to reduce friction bearings. The first of lubricants made from vegetable oils and animal fats. With the invention of steam engines began to use grease from minerals. Work bearings in technology today is based on the theory of friction, which originates from the works of Leonardo da Vinci, in the XV century unit installer proportionality of frictional resistance loading on the surface between which the friction, and that body, having a rough surface, have a greater friction. The design of bearings development of technology led to the creation of different types of bearings: hydrodynamics bearings (between the rubbing bodies is lubrication) bearings, producing work in conditions of dry friction (lack of lubrication between the bodies), porous bearings (impregnated grease). In the hydrodynamic bearing material for the friction surface served babbitt (an alloy of lead and tin).

How do you determine that lifters do not work?

Let's now talk about the lifters, which lies at their core, the purpose and principle of operation, as well as how to determine that the lifters do not work. A bit of history. The first patents for hydraulic compensators were registered in the U.S. in 1920. A full-scale production of American cars with hydraulic lifters began in 1960. Since then, the technology spread throughout the world. Now back to our topic. When operating an internal combustion engine of its parts are heated and growing. This can lead to problems such as failure, accelerated wear, deterioration of the characteristics of power units. And that is deleted at the design stage between certain parts creates heat clearance. Such gaps are caused by heating the motor are absorbed through the expansion of parts. But over time, as a result of wear, heating parts is not enough to absorb the gaps. Thus, the characteristics of the engine start to deteriorate. On the performance of the power plant thermal gap has a direct impact. Because the wear leads to permanent changes in gaps in the early twentieth century, decided to implement a motor mechanism for regulating them by means of conventional wrenches. But such a procedure had to be done regularly, hence the growing complexity of maintenance, and so raised its price. These problems are solved by means of hydraulic compensators. Regardless of the degree of wear and temperature, hydraulic lifters allows you to fully absorb the gaps between the tappet and camshaft. Lifters are installed on various kinds of timing in any location of the camshaft (upper or lower).

RVS technology restores worn-out mechanisms

Test - drive Volkswagen Touareg

The history of automobile brand BMW

Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW), (translated from English: Bavarian motor works). This is a fairly well-known German car, motorcycle manufacturer, machine manufacturing company, founded in 1916. The company also produces a mini-brand German cars, and is the parent company of passenger cars by Rolls-Royce. Today the history of the BMW brand car exceeds all our expectations, and yet it all started with a remote World War II After World War BMW was forced to stop its own production in accordance with the terms of the Versailles Armistice Agreement. The company, therefore, continue to produce motorcycles in 1923, as only limited agreement had been withdrawn. The main logo has evolved from the German mark Rapp Motorenwerke, from which the BMW company grew combined with white and blue colors of the flag of Bavaria, is completely altered to produce its own first car. However, the origin of the emblem, which is based in the movement of propeller, is debatable, according to a recent article in the New York magazine. "The BMW Museum in Munich, Anne Schmidt Poszival, explained that the blue and white emblem of the company is not represented by type of rotating propeller, but was intended to show the color of the Free State of Bavaria. With German rearmament in 1930, the company again began producing aircraft engines for the Air Force. Among his ideas were successful engine designs such as the BMW 132 and BMW 801 - radial air-cooled engine. By 1959, BMW automobile corporation was in financial difficulties, and the shareholders' meeting was held to decide whether to enter into liquidation or to find a way to continue the development of the company.

History of the creation of cars Jaguar

Jaguar Cars Ltd., Better known simply as the Jaguar, a British manufacturer of luxury cars, located in Coventry, England. This company is wholly owned subsidiary of Indian company Tata Motors Ltd and is managed at the moment as part of the business Jaguar Land Rover. History of the creation of cars Jaguar will tell you a lot of useful information. Jaguar was founded by Sir William Lyons in 1922, initially he did strollers for motorcycles before you develop and produce cars. The name was changed to Jaguar after the Second World War. After the merger with British Motor Corporation in 1968, subsequently included in the category of Leyland, which itself was later nationalized as British Leyland, Jaguar has been listed on the London Stock Exchange and became the main element, until the company was acquired by Ford in 1989. Jaguar company has also received Royal Warrants from the Queen Elisavet II and Prince Charles. Jaguar cars are now being developed in the centers of the development of the Jaguar / Land Rover factory at Whitley in Coventry and Gaydon (Yorkshire). Founded in 1922 by two enthusiasts to build carriages for bikes by Sir William Lyons and William Uolmeli, the Jaguar name first became popular in 1935, sports model, which were SS 90 and SS 100. Jaguar made its name by producing a number of extremely attractive sports cars in 1949. Cars also have been very successful in the international arena Motorsport, in the 1950's, to prove the technical integrity of the company's products.

History of the creation of Audi car

Audi German company specializes in producing cars the same name. Corporation enters into a concern "Volkswagen". The main office is located in Ingoldshtadte. History of the creation of Audi car will tell you many interesting and exciting information. Corporation "Audi" was established long ago - in 1909 by August Horch. The roots of the company go to non-existent today, but no less famous in the past, the company Horch ("Horch"), which was popular at the time horizon of the German Third Reich. Already in 1899, quite a talented inventor named August Horch took over the base in Mannheim firm "Horch and the Company, which for over 4 years, stayed there, and then moved to Zwickau. Soon, in August 1909 took up the construction of a new and very unsuccessful 6-cylinder engine, which at one time, just was not led the company to the brink of bankruptcy. And this, in turn, are very indignant at his companions, who decided to get rid of the inventor, and for this have chosen to expel him from his own same company. But in August all learned at the same time, created near and yet another company, which, of course, also began to wear the name "Horch". Former companions in August immediately sensed that something was wrong, and felt in the young company is really strong competitor, he had nothing to do, and they filed a lawsuit in August with a request to change the company name. But according to the court, as is stipulated in advance, the new company to produce cars could not carry the name Horch, and August, in turn, appealed to the Latin version of the previous name: the word horch, means in German, "Listen," was the Audi.

The new city car VW Polo

Machinery previous series VW Polo on Russian roads are not met and the matter is that their incredible high cost and relatively large size. In pricing cars in the class of the European production cars to compete with the C-Class as standard, which is collected at the factories in Russia and the Korean sedans. So, if you need a car as the working mode of transport, it is still preferable to a nice big sedan rather than a small hatchback. Machine with a nice lounge and a recognizable brand, to a greater extent prefer young and blonde who manage to collect in a relatively inexpensive car, the best performance of the car, namely sporting and business class. The result of this, who met on the road three-door Opel Corsa says that driving is sure to be sitting the girl. Who can fix the situation with sales, so this is a new city car VW Polo. A new generation of VW Polo although estimates its distinct engine very expensive, it is still - competitively capable. The price of this car in Russia is 475,291 rubles. The car, though small, but it has under the hood of this three-cylinder engine of 1.2 liters. Though it is believed that three-cylinder engine gives four-cylinder with the same volume of 1.2 liters. VW Polo cars do well with noise and vibration, but still loses in power. VW Polo concedes, its four-cylinder competitors, 10 liters. with. VW Polo offers the buyer a series of cars with engine Trendlin 1, 4 liters. and a power of 85 hp in the basic configuration for the 509,505 rubles.

Concept of a hybrid coupe from Volkswagen

It seems, Volkswagen created a real alternative to the coupe Audi and BMW. At least, though stylistic-cally car looks good, as befits a two-door German cars. But the price might be slightly more expensive C-Class hatchback. But judge it too early, because the car itself and developed a conceptual framework for studying the demand and technology demonstrations of concern Volkswagen. One could argue that they do not conceal their features. But the highlight is that this coupe - with a hybrid drive-nym. This, of course, the classical concept sny hybrid coupe from Volkswagen, which was presented at the Detroit auto show, called New Compact Coupe. In the U.S., like a compact sedan with a small trunk very familiar and tradi-tionally. But in Europe, more preferred three-door hatchback or a sedan like the Jetta. It is not excluded that, in the style of this concept coupe exponentially, we see an image of the pro-Jetta. If so, then after a couple of years, Volkswagen will be extremely affordable, luxurious and stylish sedan C-Class. In the general, family Golf transformed a couple of years and will look more emo-tional. Is Golf can be so beautiful? A longer Nene, broad and stocky than the original, it is easy to compare with the Audi A5 coupe and the Troika »BMW. Coupe looks like the American rich, on-European neatly and compactly. He has only two doors, and the length of the grade as a midsize sedan - 4.54 meters. The width is 1.78 meters, height - 1.41 meters. Co-forest base is large - as much as 2.65 meters.

New car Volkswagen Jetta

Maybe not many of us are specialists in Greek mythology, however, hardly possible to find an adult who had not heard about the mythological creature Centaur. Mighty torso of a warrior fused together with the body of at least a strong horse - that transform one of the most colorful characters of the ancient Greeks. Oddly enough, in our time, too, can find some semblance of the Centaur - the merging of two seemingly incompatible elements. Oh, no! German developers have managed to surprise motorists, creating a new car Volkswagen Jetta. In the role of the torso of a warrior in this car performs front of Golf, as the back - part Passat'a. Tribute should be paid marketers VW - if you look, it turns out that only through professionalism and was born Jetta. Place in the Sun it was found between the popular models of VW. Undoubtedly, the establishment of a new Volkswagen Jetta car on the market are high levels of its sales. Therefore, a car that has always competed with the Golf, was freed from its old name Vento and Bora and has been strongly named Jetta. Merging the two vehicles can hardly be called an apotheosis of technical ideas, but the Jetta as a dutiful child has absorbed the best from the "pope" and "Mama" - It would seem Jetta - regular sedan, but the Germans were forced to subdue her and rough roads. Disappointment is the lack of a plastic panel over the edge of the door - because if you open the door near the high curb, the door must scratch. But the powerful plastic on the front and rear bumpers, which is easier to tear than the scratch and boldly asserts that the lack of plastic on the doors - it is empty.

Features Volkswagen Golf Plus 1,6

So, now it is time to consider all the features of volkswagen Golf Plus 1,6, yes the car with an index of plus (+). When there was a Volkswagen Touran, built on the platform of the fifth generation Golf, it was all very clear. Minivans, which are based on the body based on the class C is for many manufacturers. These vehicles are in steady demand, and hence to invest in the development of family cars is quite profitable. Was a little unclear when a Volkswagen have added to the platform a couple of car. Golf with the index plus, it would seem, why? Is it too tightly arranged in a hierarchy of models of the German company? Nor will the blood relatives to beat each other's customers? Yes, and by buyers from an overabundance of alternatives, just right to grab the head. Whether the Golf, whether Touran, whether a cross between the two. In general, as always, more questions than answers. Let's begin, as always, with the exterior. On the external characteristics of the volkswagen Golf Plus 1 June is worth looking in more detail. After all, this car almost has nothing to do with his brother, who is equipped with a hatchback body. A completely different hood, other lights, other grille, large windshield with a strongly cluttered back legs. Nothing can be done, the situation requires. Externally, Golf Plus 1 June looks like his normal counterpart, the same proportions of the body, the same high belt line, a distance of ten paces, without being an expert on the German mark, to confuse these cars are very simple.

Volkswagen Golf - Hatchback, technical specifications

Hybrid cars in the world market

Hybrid cars on the world market are gaining momentum. "We reached the hands of" the producers and to hybrid luxury SUV. The pioneers in this segment are the Lexus RX 450 H and Volkswagen Touareg Hybrid. Experience against ambition, against the conservative innovator, Lexus vs. Volkswagen (VW). In the world of hybrid crossover is becoming more poles. Hybrid Touareg eliminate monopoly "Japanese". The new Touareg - this is the first German sex-notsenny hybrid car, which you can buy. However, on-water treatment for the exaggerated joy yet there. Since the Toyota (which owns the brand Lexus), already a decade crisscrossing the German areas with the same technology on board. Had sufficient time to carefully VW saw Japanese engineering. And to then come to their own achievements in this field. Yet the drive Touareg is more elegant in design than the system Lexus. A new hybrid engine replaced by a prize-van in the family Volkswagen Touareg previous 4.2-liter V8 with 310 hp Replacement was a very worthy. Features hybridization ne installation is impressive: 3-liter V6 TSI turbocharged power of 333 hp, 46 hp electric motor, the overall performance of 380 hp and 580 Nm of torque. Narya-doo with the technical innovations the new Touareg has also made clear progress in their appearance. Now he is elegant and tiny than ever. In addition, he has good taste: does indeed elegant and exceptionally high quality. Plus there a lot of space, the seats are very comfortable. The system may Volkswagen and the new, but it works flawlessly.

Dimensions VW Touareg

Market of spare parts for Volvo and Saab

Guest car owners Volkswagen Touran

Test drive Volkswagen Tiguan

Specifications car Volkswagen Tiguan

Specifications car Suzuki Grand Vitara

Swift Car Volkswagen Scirocco

We have already more than thirty minutes watching a crazy race, which involves two white hatchback Volkswagen Scirocco. As mentioned earlier, the race is crazy, all the spectators are in constant tension, his eyes constantly look into the distance, estimate the following turns, and palms sweating. This is followed by a segment of the deserted road, a dangerous right turn. In turn should go a little wider, because the rotation, has a bend that during the passage of the bend position of the wheels were straight and you can keep an even speed. The speed at which cars travel, throws and unloads the suspension, Scirocco like hovering over the highway for a few fractions of a second, but after the car dropped to the pavement, glaring at his tires. This sight makes nervous. But the Scirocco is kept on track and confident in this turn came as accurately and clearly, as in the past without unnecessary movements and emotions, as if unaware of this turn. Previously, cars were Volksvagen simple way to get from one place to another, they were accurate, as the entire German engineering. But besides the accuracy was still dead, they were simple cars. But the rapid car Volkswagen Scirocco is a different story. It took forty minutes of frantic sprint along the serpentine in Norway, and hatch stopped for a little rest. I would like to acknowledge Scirocco - the most emotional of the Volkswagen family of the present generation. I think the Scirocco the coolest car that I've ever ridden. Our testing of this car was held for two days.

Car Volkswagen, produced in Germany

Specifications Suzuki Jimny

Volkswagen Amarok - German pickup

German, Volkswagen plans to release its first pickup, which will work independently. Volkswagen Amarok, which will release in 2010, described as a 4-door, diesel, and extremely safe. Although only a year after that, they again promise to please us with its novelty - a new version with a single cabin, through which Amarok will be cheaper and more accessible to the buyer. Sale of the first Volkswagen Amarok will begin with South America, then Russia, South Africa and Australia. After that, then you can check out these pickup trucks in Europe. For residents of Greenland and northern Canada will not be difficult to translate the word «Amarok», as they have, it means "wolf". Volkswagen Group deliberately uses this name to show that his pickups have the cargo bay, exceeding 2.5 m ?. For shipping companies even developed a 1620 mm width of the body, allows you to upload there pallets. Moreover, that this pickup has a capacity of up to 1.15 m, which allows it to carry even ATVs, or any other ATV. A trailer coupling is to endure towing a trailer weighing up to 2.8 m. Under the hood of the «Amarok» secreted only diesel engine. This "wolf" has a powerful 2-liter capacity biTDI 163 horsepower, which has a two-stage turbo bi-turbo, capable of a torque to 400 Nm at 1500 rpm. Another four-cylinder TDI, having a capacity of 122 horsepower, will be available only in the middle of next year. This engine has a turbocharger with variable turbine geometry. He is able to develop torque to 340 Nm at 2000 rpm.

Crossover Suzuki Grand Vitara

New SUV Volkswagen Touareg

Volkswagen gathered guests enjoy the new Touareg SUV before its premiere. According to the company itself, the new SUV Volkswagen Touareg - this is the most technically "a fancy" car out of the huge variety of cars ever produced Volkswagen. Less demanding and more clean person became Volkswagen Release 2011. Also, the car priopustilsya and a little stretched - it lowered by 2 cm and lengthened to 4.3 cm, and this despite the fact that the wheels were more at 4 cm And rover lost. It is unknown how the engineers have put him on a diet, but the result is obvious - 208 kg of weight as an all-time. Exterior changes were made grille that developers successfully updated. As well as reversing lights lighting add expressiveness, and the silhouette of the car will be more proportional. Also, the new showroom SUV Volkswagen Touareg will be decorated with more high-quality materials, it will also have the most comfortable seats (note that the adjustment of yield, even the rear seats), and the passengers who had occupied a place on the second row, there will be more space for legs. One of the additional options that need to purchase an additional cost - an opportunity to fold the rear seats at the touch of a button. As for luggage, then its volume is 580 liters, and if you fold the chair, 1642 liters. In the standard car is 6.5-inch touch screen, CD-radio, which provides six drive bays. You have every right to order a navigation system, equipped with a touchscreen the size of eight inches, and you have every right to order a tree inside the cabin.

Suzuki Grand Vitara repairs and maintenance

In this article, "Suzuki Grand Vitara Repair and Maintenance, we'll describe the moments of vehicle service and repair on their own. Not every routine maintenance work on the car can run on its own without the involvement of special tools and equipment. May affect the final quality and lack of experience. In addition, when any self-repair the car in any case we should not forget about safety. Do not forget that some work carried out in his garage over the car, whose warranty period is not over, may lead to termination of the warranty, service dealer. Therefore, consult the list of works with specialists from the dealer service stations in some cases may be vital. Suzuki Grand Vitara SUV Thoroughbred with a very good pedigree and all necessary components: small overhangs, a short base, spaceframe chassis, the transfer case of a continuous rear axle combined with a sturdily built, muscular body. However, he is quite comfortable and cozy, which allows it to operate in the urban cycle. Suzuki Grand Vitara introduced to the market in three body variants: 3-door, 5-door and extended version of the flagship XL-7. Cars are quite common due to its low prices, outstanding off-road qualities and a good reliability. Change the oil most common and most simple procedure that motorists can make their own - an oil change. Suzuki recommends changing oil every 15,000 km, but with the caveat that "difficult conditions" interval is reduced to 7500 km. I recommend that all guided by the second digit.

Technical tuning GAZ-21 from BMW

Remembering the Soviet times, the soul singer. It is associated with the radiant in the morning and the Soviet anthem in the background, with numerous victories in hockey, with endless work to implement the five-year plan in three years, etc. Someone may say that they were good times, people believed in the best. What about today? All around solid problems, no good. On the TV only and see how to escape from the cavities so as to get rid of dandruff. Nothing to do with the time. But one was still deprived of the Soviet people - a hot delivery. What is a hot-rods, we have learned recently. While abroad, these machines have become popular. And let our present life is far from ideal (in which both believed in the Soviet times), but we have a bunch of new features. In particular, and to make our, Russian hot-rod. And now, two years ago, an "firstborn" in this direction. Of course, against the background of our lives is, apparently, a trifle. But not for those who are true connoisseurs. The latter, faced with this news a long time could not help feeling the holiday at heart. Still, a start, and even some - was held technical tuning GAZ 21 from BMW. So, we saw a new product from the firm EL Motors, which was a coupe at first glance, of unknown origin. The machine looked like it was impossible to tear off a look of surprise. And even more surprised we were when discovered on the basis of a car built this masterpiece. Someone shouted in surprise: "It's Volga!". Here really begin to believe in miracles, when you see such a transformation.

Car GAZ-3110 Volga tuning

To get very bright and catchy machine that makes the Volga River wild beyond recognition. The mere fact that the color red was chosen, makes a serious claim. This two-door coupe, which very often flaunt spoilers, wings, and other fancy tricks. However, this is just what you see at a glance. In an article entitled "Car Volga GAZ-3110, tuning, we'll all completions of the car. Under this bright red hood is design with frame, new gearbox and four-wheel drive. Each wheel was already on three shock absorber. Engine GAZ 3110 "Volga" causes fear - 4.2 liter turbocharged. Mixture turned explosive. And the author and inspirer of this audacious project was a man named Sergei Savenko. In his circles it styled Mihalich, and he is the creator of the Moscow club of bikers Night Wolwes Moscow. This respected and well known in certain circles, people still won the "Expedition-Trophy" in 2005, which took place along the Murmansk - Vladivostok. For the passage of 10,000 miles as a reward he received 10 kilograms of pure gold. And then fate brought him to the Ukraine to try their hand at there the roads. There he took part in the final stage of the Ukrainian championship rally-raid "Rally Raid Bondarev. Much talk is about what it was at first - the chicken or the egg. That is, car tuning and motor sport. But one without the other can hardly be imagined. So here we can tell - they have time. The first car race in history happened in the distant 1895. It was a competition for cars, electric vehicles, and paromobiley.

The most modern motor car

Internal combustion engines have changed the speed and distance of moving vehicles, which ensured the rapid development of industry and commerce. This fact became the economic basis for progress in all the aspects of human activity. Today, however, the future of gasoline and diesel engines has come under question. It is believed that most modern engine for the car - it's electric. At worst - a compromise hybrid. And it is not even the issue of global warming. Responsible for this process if the road transport and should, only after the fuel and energy, petrochemical and metallurgical industries, contributing to a more substantial contribution to environmental pollution by greenhouse gases. Limited resources of natural raw material from which gasoline and diesel fuel get - that will inevitably put a cross on the inventions of Otto and Diesel. Which unit will become the successor to the internal combustion engine - izves-TNO. About the upcoming replacement of the thermal thrust on the electrical states at every opportunity. But in the estimates when the tread-bright electric future, opinions diverge significantly. The most optimistic forecast of yield, as a rule, those who are far from understanding the technical issues of the FIR. But according to specialists Comrade directly involved in practically address these issues, internal combustion engines will retain co-lead the fight for at least another two decades. The fact is that even with currently existing technology, self-bil due to energy released during the combustion of kilograms of fuel, is able to travel forty times farther electric field, use the energy of the battery.

The only Russian model electric

How to check the compression in the engine?

There are times when the car starts to vibrate, reduced engine power, increased fuel and oil. In this case, be sure to pay attention to the engine cylinders, which ceased to function properly. On how to properly check the compression in the engine, tell that story. Reduced pressure in the cylinders, primarily due to the leakage of the pressure that occurs due to a number of circumstances. First, it can be formed valve clearance, and secondly, damaged piston rings, and thirdly, you may need to replace the candles. You have changed the spark, and it is no effect? Then, to determine the causes of leakage of pressure you need to use compressometer to determine the compression in the engine car. Compression - a measurement of maximum cylinder pressure, which occurs when idling motor starter. A compressometer represents equipment that resembles a pressure gauge, connected to a hose with a nipple and check valve. Compressometer readily available in financial instrument. It does not require time-consuming and easy to use. Manufacturers offer two types of compressometer. Some compressometer can twist into place candles (at the time of diagnosis), other compressometer require the retention of power. It is recommended to measure the pressure of having Shiftmen. How to check the compression in the engine car. Initially, ask your assistant to take the driver's seat. Let it will turn off the engine and gearbox set to "neytralku. Then you must remove the candle, but before that check the lid, forming a contact with high voltage wires.

Battery life in the car

Battery in the car - one of the important parts. It provides engine start, power of certain electrical equipment in the run-down car and hedged generator, if he can not handle the load. As with any technical device, the battery has a certain life span. How long it will work, depends on you. Battery consists of six blocks of positive and negative plates separated by separators. The new battery can be dry-charged or flooded. Plus a dry-charged batteries - they can be stored for a long time (3-5 years). For flooded batteries positive is that the battery is ready to use, no need to buy and pour the electrolyte. When installing a new battery, you should check the correct polarity terminals - is factory marriage (the diameters of the findings and the notation may not be true). This check takes a few seconds, but it will save us from the possible financial costs. Signs of failure of the battery in the car include: battery charge, but does not hold a charge, the battery is not charging. Most often, the cause of the malfunction is not defective battery, and the availability of additional equipment, neglected included dimensions, the leakage current (this is not typical for new cars). You can try to train the battery, but if you crumble the active mass plates or crystallized zinc sulphate, then it is irreparable. At its lifetime the following factors: ambient temperature, electrical repair, regular monitoring of battery operating conditions. Shorten its lifetime can travel short distances and frequent engine start, a malfunction of electrical equipment, deferred maintenance, insecure batteries.

The history and description of the GAZ-21 "Volga"

Gel batteries for cars

To understand what a gel batteries, designed for cars, let's delve into the story. Gel batteries are also called lead-acid batteries. The first such battery was created in 1859 by Gaston Plante. These batteries consisted of lead coils placed in a container of sulfuric acid. However, such batteries have a low capacity. Increase it could be a huge number of discharge cycles and battery, what could take up to two years. Since it is due to the shape of plates tank was so small, then work to improve these cells special attention is paid to the plates. The solution was found in the early eighties: Four someone suggested using the plates a layer of lead oxide. With this simple method could significantly increase the capacity of the gel batteries. Later, in 1882, another engineer, Folkman proposed a new idea: instead of plates to use the so-called pasted grid. The grille was made of an alloy of antimony and lead. However, with this seemingly rapid development of gel batteries is practically not used. The reason was the lack of battery chargers. Such a battery can be recharged only from other chemical sources, what were the galvanic battery. But ten years later the situation has changed dramatically. Appeared constant current generator, through which already in 1890 the issue became a serial gel batteries. Gel batteries for automobiles began to be used with the advent of starter batteries. The first time they have been presented by the German company Varta. The next step may be noted the 1970 year.

How do self-lapping valve

As you know, in every automobile engine valves are present. If, it so happened that the valve was bent, then align it makes no sense, because it's quite hard work. It will be better to replace it with a new one. Valve in an engine designed to create compression. If it is new, then in order to achieve maximum compression, the valve should be thoroughly get used. Not all people know how to do self-lapping valve, so in this article we will tell exactly that. When comparing engines by type, then the carburetor, the compression ratio is much lower than that of diesel engine type. Consequently, grinding valves in this embodiment is particularly important position. So that you may need to make lapping the valve! You will need about fifteen centimeters hose with an appropriate diameter, which would have put at the end of the valve. The main function of this tube is to replace the handle. For grinding, you should use a special paste for grinding or, it can be replaced by crushed to a powder, glass. If you use glass, you'll need to mix with the engine (motor) oil! But still, even though the glass and can replace the pasta, it's better to buy special toothpaste, because it is better and quite affordable. Paste should be applied to the edge of the valve. After the application and start grinding immediately. Lapping procedure is carried out carefully, with special attention. Need to ensure that the mixture paste was not hit on the valve stem. If this point is missed, the valve guide will be rendered worthless!

The main elements of the power system of diesel engine

The system of fuel supply is a major part of diesel engine. This system provides the necessary fuel supply pressure in the combustion chamber. The quantity of fuel into the chamber in the required amount at the right time. This article will talk about the main elements of the power system of diesel engine. From the fuel tank, through the boost pump low pressure fuel enters the high pressure fuel pump, which in turn distributes diesel fuel on highways hydro jets cylinders. Such a distribution takes place in an appropriate manner and the necessary portions of the fuel. High-pressure fuel injectors are opened, while lowering - are closed. High pressure pump (injection pump) - the basic elements of power systems and diesel engines are available in two types: distribution and inline multi-plunger. In-line pump supply system of diesel engine has separate sections, ranging in number and whose number corresponds to the number of engine cylinders. Each section is equipped with a sleeve with the plunger. Camshaft receives the rotation from the engine and actuates the plunger. Fuel injection pressure depends entirely on the speed of crankshaft. Such pumps work very noisy and do not meet modern requirements for the protection of the environment, so the inline pumps are virtually no sets. Distribution systems, high pressure pumps supply diesel engines, compared with in-line pumps, fuel is injected under higher pressure. Exhaust from a car with this type of fuel pump is less toxic and regulatory standards.

Measuring the compression engine VAZ

Vpryskovy internal combustion engine

In order to improve fuel economy, significantly reduce emissions of harmful exhaust emissions and improve the very dynamics of the car, as a result of many years of research has been invented vpryskovy internal combustion engine. Now we will tell you the basic components and working principle of this device. Fuel system Fuel supply in cars with electronic fuel injection has a number of features, in contrast to the carburetor of the engine: fuel is fed from a tank under high pressure, directly into the intake pipe are formed air-fuel mixture, just before the intake valve, by means of electromagnetic injector control the amount of fuel keeps the best, for a variety of modes of engine operation, the composition of the fuel mixture. The system main task of a system that supplies fuel, is to supply the necessary amount of fuel the engine under all possible modes of operation. The engine is fed fuel through nozzles that are installed in the inlet pipe. The system poplivopodachi includes the following elements: ramp injectors and fuel injectors, fuel pressure control fitting; fuel - drain and feed, fuel filter, fuel pressure regulator; module elektrobenzonasosa. Elektrobenzonasos Elektrobenzonasos part of the fuel pump module, which is installed on the VAZ inside the gas tank. The module consists of the pump, filters and swirlers for individual bubbles and measure the fuel level sensor. Elektrobenzonasos provides persistent pumping fuel from the tank into the fuel line. In Soviet cars most commonly used spring-type module, it is located directly in the fuel tank, cooling it happens by gasoline.

A device for measuring engine compression

As a result of prolonged operation of the vehicle may receive the impression that the engine has lost its former power. This may be caused by a natural mechanical wear. Usually if the engine has technical problems, we note it for the following symptoms: cold starting irregular operation of the engine, increase oil consumption and fuel, increasing the coolant temperature, etc. State of the engine can be determined by compression. Than to measure compression, we describe in the article "A device for measuring engine compression. Compression Engine With an increase in engine wear decreases power and increases fuel consumption and oil. Engine idling noticeably vibrates. You can try replacing the candles, but if after changing nothing changes, to determine the cause needed to measure the compression. Measurement of compression is one of the most accessible means of diagnosis. What is compression? Compression - is the value of the maximum pressure that is created in the cylinder at idle. What happens when you decrease the compression and how it improved? Compression is reduced to 24 kg / sq. See Engine at this plant is tolerant. The temperature of air decreases, and gradually the outbreak of fuel is not happening. Compression can be improved if you pour oil into the cylinder diesel engine. To do this, unscrew the glow plug, then a few tablespoons of oil poured into each hole. The engine nabroste rag, and includes a starter. Engine for two-three turnover removes excess oil. Replace the spark and start the engine.

Sensors engine management systems

Sensors engine management systems help the controller to determine what happens with the engine and cars in general, at some point in time. Based on the signals of these sensors, the controller will perform complex calculations, and then send signals that encourage the management of the actuators. TPS (Throttle Position Sensor) signal coming from the throttle position sensor is used controller engine management system to calculate the angular position of the throttle body itself. TPS will be mounted on the throttle tube, when the throttle is turned barrier, its axis will pass its motion directly to the sensor. TPS has the potentiometric resistor type. On one arm of the potentiometer is fed to the controller reference voltage, while the second arm is connected to the "masses". The third switch contact is connected to the movable contact of potentiometer. The output signal proportional to the TPS to change the outcome of the angle of the throttle. When the valve is completely closed on the sensor voltage is 0,35-0,7 V, while at open throttle - 4,05-4,75 V. The minimum voltage value, which will be determined by the sensor controller in operation at idle, it uses the system as a starting point of reference, in other words, 0% open throttle. Fully enclosed throttle similar to idling. When the opening angle is too large, the transition occurs on the power mode, in which case the maximum torque, at the minimum engine power. When the throttle is opened partially, the controller maintains a proper level of stoichiometric fuel mix.

Review of engine management systems

Engine management systems and their various modifications there is a fairly large amount, and in them is not so easy to understand even an experienced person, let alone a beginner. We begin our review of engine control systems with consideration of species that ever mounted on vehicles. Gamma vpryskovyh automobile engines: 1.7-liter engine volume 16-valve ("ten" family car VAZ Kalina) engine volume 1.6 liter 16-valve (car VAZ "tenth" family of front wheel drive) engine volume 1, 8 liter 8-valve (four-wheel drive and zadneprivodnye VAZ) engine volume 1.5 liters 8-valve (VAZ cars with rear wheel drive) engine volume 1.7 liter 8-valve (VAZ front wheel drive) engine volume 1.6 liters 8-valve (VAZ front wheel drive) Varieties of injection systems fitted to cars VAZ. To more easily available and understand all types of engine management systems VAZ, divide them into several groups according to different criteria: 1. Manufacturer of engine management systems (DMS). For VAZ cars are used not only to the engine management system of companies General Motors, Bosch, but COURT domestic producers. If you need replacement of any element of the injection system (wires, harnesses, oxygen sensors, DMRV). For example, the Bosch on another production, then it would be unrealistic, since the parts are not interchangeable. 2. Controller. At VAZ can meet several types of controllers: the production of Russia: January-5 production Bosch M1.5.4; the Bosch MR7.0; production in Russia Vist-5 production General Motors ISFI-2S; production in Russia in January-4 production of General Motors EFI-4.

Gasoline engine, the reasons for failure

The engine in the modern car is a complex engineering system. For it to work properly, you need an interconnected work of various elements and assemblies, sensors, etc. Understand this complex system is not everyone's strength. That's why, if the causes engine trouble you are not clear, it is strongly recommended to apply for a service call. In his article "gasoline engine, causes of failure, we will try to describe the main features of engine trouble and to point out the possible causes of engine always starts when the three conditions: 1. that initial rotational momentum, 2. good order intake mixture of fuel and air, 3. Education spark the combustible mixture. If the rotation of the ignition key is no rotation of the engine, then most likely your battery is dead. Problems with the engine depends on the degree of battery power. If neither the electronics nor the lights do not react to the inclusion - so there was a complete discharge of the battery. If the discharge occurred partly depending on its extent, the interior and exterior lighting will not be included, and if they burn, not very. To test you must first check the battery voltage. At voltage less than 10.5 V. should either charge the battery or replace it. Check to see whether the oxidized terminal of the battery. Visually check the cleanliness of terminals. If necessary, clean up and tighten them. Obtain power to the starter could be blocked by signaling. If the reason was the contingency alarm, it must be turned off.

Fault management system engine VAZ 2112

VAZ-2121 "Niva". History, description of the vehicle

Many experts believe this car automobile best models produced by the Volga car factory. VAZ-2121 "Niva" without exaggeration be called a revolutionary car. It was the world's first SUV with a high comfort, which has bearing body and a permanent four-wheel drive. "Niva" is considered the ancestor of an entire class of vehicles - crossovers. The initial goal was to create constructors VAZ city car - compact, with a small trunk and two-door body. However, at some stage it was decided to turn this car into the jeep. Fortunately, this idea has been successful and viable. The car has received, as was intended, small, lightweight, with high ground clearance and small overhangs. All this has ensured Niva excellent patency. Despite the "off-road" character of the car, he looks no different from the conventional car, it is not surprising, because in the "Niva" has been widely used in design and many of the details of VAZ-2106, especially the interior. As a result, the car combines the comfort and permeability. Serial production of the Niva was launched April 5, 1977. What can we say about the design of ZAZ-2121 "Niva" more? This car belongs to cars terrain of a small class. Niva has a bearing three-door body "Hatchback". The rear seats fold down, increasing the amount of luggage. Gearbox - manual, four-, a two-speed transfer case and lockable center differential. Drive the wheels at full, permanent. The first car models were equipped with engine VAZ-2121, constructed on the basis of engine VAZ-2106.

Management systems and fuel injection

Injection or injector (with English. Inject - "injection") of fuel - a system for filing of certain doses of fuel into the engine. Varieties of feed injection, there are several - the direct, distributed, monovprysk, mechanical fuel injection. We will consider only the modern system based on electronics, which distribute the fuel supply. On the basis of an electronic engine control module (ECM) is calculated as the fuel supply, analyzes special sensor signals installed on the engine. Now we Kratz describe the control system and fuel injection. Air is supplied, which is regulated by the throttle, then, before separation on 4 threads become heated in the receiver. Receiver in this system is needed for proper air flow meter (tk measured pressure in the receiver (MAP) or the total mass flow (MAF). The first should be the extent necessary, to prevent escape of air "starvation" of cylinders when the intake air is large, and pulsation is smoothed out at the launch. sprayers will be installed in the channel at a short distance from the inlet valves. Spot or distribution (when each of the cylinders will run for one injector). Such an injection of irrigation can be divided into 3 types: sequential or phased, in a single cycle engine each of the nozzles being followed in accordance with the phase of injection once. group or in pairs parallel, one working cycle of the engine nozzles work in pairs (2-3 and 1-4) in parallel to the operating cycle twice. Meanwhile, in one cycle engine All 4 injectors at once and spend two times.

The controller is the engine management system at the WHA

Russian car Lada Kalina

Calling the Russian car Lada Kalina does not turn a beautiful language and because it is a typical representative of biodesign, although developed because she did a year or two ago, but then as they say a matter of taste, and mardashka still have quite a nice little machine. Like most about the car is fitted as part that is stitches in all body panels have the same value no gross distortions, this is probably the most important and this can be attributed to the pluses of the product of the Volga car. Small trim hood through the wide bars and a huge windshield smoothly flows through the roof, doors, front and rear come on strong it is in theory should facilitate access to the salon, which, despite the fact that the snowball is exactly one step lower than its older sister, the tenth model of Lada car, just to name a small language is not rotated. For the first time in the domestic Russian car Lada Kalina handles are made under natural grip, you can see what a difference from the model of the eighth and ninth of the family, they lack no one the right button is permanently sticky inside. A small and very neat desk does not fall on the right-looking knee boot, but rather complement the picture loin car viburnum huge ruby, with white accents lights. Trunk lid is very helpfully leans forward in the course of the car, so you never knock his head on the edge, it is convenient. The very same cap is a nice piece upholstered with the same carpeting as the interior and luggage car. In general, the design of the Russian car Lada Kalina could be called neutral, the more so because this particular evaluation criteria may be considered the most subjective to someone like, and who do not.

Locking differentials interwheel VAZ 2109

Almost every driver ever, to a greater or lesser extent concerned ride on the road, especially when the roads of our country. Then you've probably heard about the locks. Most do not even realize how these same locks work, but they know about their great benefits in the impassable mud. Now we will present an overview of Block interwheel differentials VAZ 2109. ARB AIR LOCKER ARB Air Locker refers to locks that must include a mandatory, in the normal state, they represents the unremarkable classical differential. When such a differential lock is switched between a tightly closed half-line blocking the bridge - so blocking this type are usually called rigid, or 100% lock. Included with the blocking mechanism includes: a differential itself, an air compressor and pnevmomagistrali needed to create the pressure to work (more than 2 atmospheres), which leads to the blocking effect. Many know that the system ARB has one indisputable advantage - it has the softness of the ordinary differential in the solid surface, and at the same time is achieved at the right moment complete balancing. The disadvantages are the relatively high cost. Also to the cons of this design include: need to be able to use it and the complexity of installation. If you forget to turn off the lock on a hard surface road, you may lose control of the car (especially if the ARB is applied on front axle) or even break a transmission. In addition to hard lock impose certain conditions to be installed on the machine liftovannye oversized wheels, cardan joints and other transmission parts.

Check the status of engine noise

Before you go down, the car some time this gives indications of wear, such as parts of a crank mechanism. Then we hear the characteristic noise because of large gaps between them. In connection with the wear of pistons, cylinders and rings, reducing the compression efficiency of the engine, and lost its power. Crushed thread fasteners, they are stretched, there is a thief on the surface of the combustion chamber, valves and piston head. All this is possible to prevent, if you carefully follow the work of the engine. With experience comes to driving and skill to distinguish between problems in advance. Summarizing a different experience, try to understand the system, signals failure, but be aware that not all engines are suitable for this system. This article will describe how the inspection of the engine noise and odor. To hear a knocking noise and to understand their causes, we use phonendoscope. The engine should be warmed to 80 degrees Celsius. Deaf loud knock at the bottom of the unit clearly heard the sudden change in speed of crankshaft, and said that in the connecting rod bearing clearance is increased. If knocking on piston pin, thus, increased the gap in the connecting rod bearings. Metal, the sharp sound of the piston ring from the top half of the cylinder, disappear when the ignition cylinder, an increase of the gap between the sleeve heads, connecting rods or piston holes and fingers. Drive belts are located in the front. If there audible hum or whistle may be faulty drive the camshaft, water pump or generator.

Knocking in the engine on the classics

For much of the life of the car, it is accompanied by background noise. Weak and strong, sonorous, and the deaf - they can not only reduce the comfort, but also annoying hearing. Often these sounds may indicate deficiencies in the aggregates and motor units. The car has a multitude of sources of sound - the steering, engine, chassis, powertrain. Despite all this, the engine here has a special place. Heavy loads experienced by the engine, are periodic alternating character in accordance with the speed with which rotates the crankshaft. This is not surprising that one piece 3000 rpm for at least an hour - it is very difficult, so here and there are frequent breakdowns and other unpleasant consequences. In this article we would like to elaborate on the knock in the engine on the classics. Often car owners worried about two issues: how expensive and difficult to repair and how you can go with a bang? The first question is more important for the mechanics, but give it a little differently formulate - which causes knocking in the engine on the classics? Correctly answering this question, we can easily put everything in its place - the complexity of the repair and the possibility of further operation without it. It so happens that give a concrete answer to the question of what could be the cause of knocking is not so easy. Even if qualified mechanic, he has extensive experience and "absolute" hearing, he may be mistaken. What is there to talk about the less skilled craftsman or as a driver?

How to adjust valves auto

Is there such a bike. In a small Swiss hotel to settle two vazovskih specialist, arrived in Switzerland on a business trip. In the evening, with a fireplace and grog, they chatted with the owner "for life". And when the Swiss learned that his Russian guests work in Togliatti automobile plant, he rushed to press their hands and give thanks! On the puzzled questions were taken aback specialists owner explained that he loves messing with cars - to repair, disassemble, assemble. "Your Russian is perfect for this car are great, not that German. With them interesting - there is nothing to fix. " Yeah, every joke is really of a joke. And then, sooner or later, the owner of the domestic car gets knowledge about the structure of domestic units and features of their work. As well as skills in self-repair. It is no secret that in the process of the machine is wear of friction parts. And motorist notices that the engine power began to fall, and from under the hood, metal, heard knocking. The reason for this unpleasant phenomenon may be incorrect valve adjustment. But is it necessary to immediately go to the car wash? Quite independently we can answer the question "how to properly adjust the valves auto brief theoretical course purpose of valves in the engine - intake of the working mixture and exhaust. In the car there at least a couple of valves per cylinder, but in recent years, the number of valves is growing. All valves auto should work synchronously in a precise rhythm.

Device clutch car service

Strength is necessary for the short end of the engine and transmission connect them carefully when starting the vehicle from the place, as well as in the case when you switch programs. Clutch consists of a clutch mechanism and drive. In the article "Vehicle traction device (service)" we will tell you how to work the clutch on the car, its basic problems and methods to solve them. The hydraulic drive clutch and the clutch mechanism consists of the following elements: a primary shaft gearbox input shaft gear, clutch, clutch pedal, master cylinder, pipe, slave cylinder, clutch fork, pressure plate bearing, release lever, pressure springs, clutch housing ; pressure plate, clutch disc, flywheel, transmission housing, the crankshaft. Drive (hydraulic type) clutch consists of: pipelines push bearing clutch fork, slave cylinder, master cylinder, pedal. When you press the clutch pedal, foot effort the driver through the piston and rod, transmission fluid, in turn, transmits the pressure from the piston on the piston of the main working cylinder. After which the working cylinder rod moves the pressure plate bearing and clutch release fork, which transmits force to the clutch mechanism itself. When the motorist will release the pedal, then the impact of the return spring all the parts back to their original positions. The mechanism of adhesion adhesion mechanism - a device which transmits the torque through the work of friction. That's the clutch mechanism can allow short-term disconnect the gearbox and engine, and later again gently to combine.

How does the clutch in the car

The main purpose of the clutch is to transmit torque to the gearbox from the flywheel of the engine crankshaft. At the time of pressing the clutch pedal to the floor, there is a brief interruption of torque, the sort of separation of the engine from the transmission. For more details about how to operate the clutch in the car, talk in this article. The composition of the clutch includes: the drive mechanism itself clutch What is the drive? Let's face it. A person can move his hands and feet, perform various actions, with neither arms nor legs do nothing levers and cables. In the car it works differently. This is not a living mechanism, and it will move only when the administration of the man. All mechanisms car securely in different parts of the body, and that the driver was able to control his car with his seat, he come to the aid drives, leading to mechanisms. Not very clear? Then imagine that a man chained to a bed or chair, and he no one can help to open or close the window. For help, he can come to some remote mechanism. Such a mechanism may serve as a stick with a rope at the ends. One end of the rope tied to the handle of the window, and another - in your hand. And now there is no problem: you are cold - push the stick away, they decided to air - pull over. In this case, the device will drive the transmitter at a distance of your effort. To set in motion some mechanism, you need to drive to work on this mechanism. The drive consists of many parts and assemblies can be hydraulically and mechanically.

Construction and principle of cohesion

The device transmission for transferring torque from the engine to the drive wheels, as well as to change the direction and magnitude of torque. Units transmission car with rear-wheel drive are distributed along the whole body and are designed to transmit torque from the engine directly to the driving wheels. Transmission car with a rear-drive includes: half clutch differential main gear driveline transmission in front-wheel drive torque not have to go so far away from the engine, as a rear wheel drive car. All units that are in transmission, centered under the hood of the machine and combined into one large node units. A clutch mechanism in this case is sandwiched between two "monsters" - the gearbox and engine. Box in turn contains in its structure as the main transmission and a differential. As a result, front wheel drive comes directly from the transmission housing. Elements of the transmission front wheel drive car: drive shafts front wheels, differential, final drive, gearbox, clutch. In this article we wanted to talk about the design and principle of operation of the clutch. Strength - this is the first element of the powertrain, which is designed to transmit torque from the engine flywheel to the shaft of the gearbox. In addition, adhesion can allow a driver for a short time to search through the transfer of torque, in other words, how to separate the transmission from the engine, and then connect them smoothly. Consists of the clutch mechanism of the clutch and drivetrain.

Weird knock WHA

Find basic operational malfunction of the car

There are people who are driving, do not hear anything at all, and yet the sound of a car can help the owner find the basic operational malfunction of the car. The existence of the problem, the driver is always alert sound, except for an overheating engine and oil pressure drop. When you get used to the car, then surely hear it objectively becomes difficult, and heard the sound of the defect immediately, it increases gradually. Let's experiment. Start the engine, then open the hood and vynem dipstick, then you have to wipe it clean with a cloth, insert it into a rounded end at the sink of his ear. The entire structure needed to squeeze his hand to his head and gently pristavlyat end of the probe to different parts of the engine. Do not forget that we need to fear its moving parts. You will hear many sounds, and they will all be very different. This method usually helps out in the field, where a number of service stations is not expected, but do not have my right tools. Using it is easy to distinguish the sound of the rushing of the pump, say fuel pump drive, and the sound of bursting of the piston pin knock on the connecting rod bearing, etc. The most convenient way to listen to the chassis of his car in places where it is easy to be reflected sound (wall, tunnel, fence). You must first learn to distinguish between the engine speed to wheel speed, as well - from the same body movements. On domestic cars is not that hard to do all the units basically create a lot of noise, even when new.

Why is the grip the car?

Car adhesion is necessary for the short term to remove the crankshaft of the engine from the gearbox, and for their progressive alignment, which are needed when switching gears, and the moment when the car moved. From this publication may be more to know what is the grip the car and also the most frequent malfunction and recommendations for exploitation. The most common type of clutch for cars and trucks - this one-disc clutch friction type. This clutch includes a drive mechanism and off. The drive is not on the rotating parts of automobiles, which are mounted on the frame and mechanism - at the flywheel main components of the clutch mechanism are: the pressure plate and clutch disc and release lever, which are connected to the pressure plate. Components of the clutch are: forks, pedals, traction control, clutch, containing Release Bearing and return spring. Included is called a clutch, at which the clutch pedal is released, but between the flywheel and pressure plate, clutch disc springs is clamped. In this scenario, when the engine is running, from the pressure plate and flywheel by friction torque is transmitted to the slave drive, and then on the drive shaft. If you press the clutch pedal, the whole thrust will move and rotate the plug. The end of the fork, which is free, presses down on the clutch because of what is moved to the flywheel and the pressure on the levers that push and pressure plate. With all this action of the clutch disc is released from the force which compresses it, moving away from the flywheel, and clutch off.

Why not turn on the car petrol pump

Electric fuel pump fails very rarely. First worn brushes, then the collector, and then after 150 -200 thousand kilometers. Why not turn on the car gasoline pump, we consider in this publication.

Guide, repair and replacement fuel pump

One of the main devices the car with fuel injection, which depends much on the move - the electric petrol pump. Let's talk about this device, its problems and how to resolve them. So to the rescue all motorists offers guidance, repair and replacement fuel pump. First of all, if there are suspicions it is not functioning correctly, you need to explore the two main parameters - flow and pressure. The third option is checked on the stand to have removed the engine - the current consumption at full load and nominal. It is advisable to start testing with the power supply connector on the submersible gasoline pump. Or at the terminals of the suspended fuel pump. Testing the connector, you need to find dating to the side of the wire (without disconnecting connectors), measure the voltage tester. The normal rate - more than 12 volts, especially if this is a noise working fuel pump. Further, many typical error admit - measuring the voltage across the disconnected connector. This is wrong because it is impossible to identify the defect of poor contact. To pull connectors readings will always be 12 volts, and under load can be much smaller. The next stage of checking fuel pressure, before that, dropping the pressure in it. You can remove the fuel pump connector or fuse, start the engine and wait for it full stop. Connect the gauge to fitting to measure the pressure, if it exists, and if not, then include a pressure gauge tee in the supply of fuel wire. Turn on the ignition and wait for 1.5 ... 2 sec.

Replacing the clutch VAZ

How to determine correctly whether the clutch?

Sooner or later, every motorist encounters with various violations of the clutch. The frequency of breakdowns depends primarily on how to use the car, and the accuracy of the driver. For example, on the highway clutch used less frequently than when driving through the city. Accordingly, the clutch failure will occur more often than larger cars are operated in the city. Also affects the frequency of breakdowns and driving style. The more active riding, the more wear out the clutch. Besides, if the clutch is repaired, it is very important quality parts used in repairs, coupled with the expertise of the wizard. In good grip when you press the pedal to be off, and when enabled, does not slip. Turning on and off the clutch must be held quietly. In case of discrepancy between the above symptoms, you need to pay close attention to the work of adhesion. How to determine correctly whether the clutch, you can learn from this article. Determine the noise When you press the clutch, noise, the cause is usually in the release bearing. But before you change it, you need to check the position of the clutch fork. If it is adjusted properly, it is likely, the new bearings will not last long. Sometimes when you turn off the noise coupling occurs because of damage to the slot in the hub of the slave drive. They usually wear out after a few substitutions linings. In a situation where the axis of the engine and gearbox do not match, or input shaft bearing is defective - wear slots also increases. And when the noise occurs when you turn on the clutch, to blame the broken and worn out slits.

Diagnosis of power system petrol engine

For gasoline engines and for engines with fuel injection - check the power supply system are quite different. Although there is the same requirements for how the power system are diagnosed gasoline engine. The first thing to do for the diagnosis of power systems, so it is poured into the tank car for about ten liters of high-quality gasoline AI-93. You must be sure of its quality, at the gas station you can under the guise of high-quality gasoline AI-93 to fill anything. Petrol other brands try not to use it because of foreign cars (eg, Honda) and some other brands are sensors detonation shocks that occur when using less octane gasoline. When activated the sensor in the float chamber carburettor car, the solenoid valve closes the opening nozzle or sends a signal to start banning educators from the computer and the engine stops. When duty not to use the car (about a year), Besides, if it is idle to half empty petrol tank, make him a starter, likely will not succeed. It depends on what fraction of air-fuel evaporated, and they provide a combustible mixture and, accordingly, gasoline has changed its properties. This most often occurs at high temperatures. If the starter to start the car engine fails, you can try to file a gasoline manually. It is suitable for all types of engines. If there is no gasoline in the carburetor, it is necessary to fill in thin stream on top of his neck a little bit of gasoline. When the other engine components are OK, then this method will help you start the engine.

The history of the automotive brand Bentley

Bentley is a British car manufacturer, founded January 18, 1919 by Walter Owen Bentley. Bentley was previously known for its large scale production of aircraft engines during World War I, the most famous of them - Bentley BR1. Since 1998, the company has been owned by the corporation Volkswagen Group in Germany. The history of the automotive brand Bentley will tell you many interesting facts about the existence of the company and the automotive industry. Before World War I, Owen Bentley was in partnership with his brother, JM Bentley selling French cars, but he always wanted to design and build its own range of cars with his name. In August 1919, the company Bentley Motors Ltd was registered, and the chassis with a dummy engine was shown at the London Motor Show in October of that year. This engine was built by December, and orders were taken for further deliveries starting in June 1920goda, however, development took longer than expected and the first cars were not ready until September 1921. It was on a visit to the factory in 1913, VO said aluminum papier-mache, and inspired by the idea of ??using lightweight metal instead of cast iron to make engine pistons. The first aluminum pistons Bentley became part of the aero engines during World War II. The company was at that time underfunded and Bentley had to ask for help from a millionaire Barneto Wolfe in 1925. As part of sdelkibyla well funded, she later led to his effective possession of the company, and Barneto became its chairman.

Device and repair fuel pump WHA

How to determine what broke down gasoline pump

How to determine what broke down gasoline pump, and as a result of any damage, interruption of his work? Sure - it's exogenous and endogenous damage. Endogenous damage associated with the cessation of operation of roller and gear elements gidronagnetatelya. Loud sound in the fuel pump, reducing engine power - is the result of exogenous damage. Termination of the engine (the car "sneezes"), violation of the fuel pump is due to damage to the impeller. If the motor sneezes while trying to launch, will not start, or a plant for a couple of seconds when you press the gas the engine stalls, then this is the first recognition of the wear of the collector node or working surfaces of the pump. Consequence of the termination of rotation of the armature after the power is podpalennaya slat. Run the anchor back into operation can be achieved by rocking the car in the trunk. As a result of such operations, fuel pump re-ignites. Between motor shaft and gidronagnetatelem is plastic sleeve, which in some cases subjected to destruction. Engineers - planners do not recommend to go with a flashing red light indicating that an empty gas tank, especially on hot days. The fact that the elements on which the fixed brush and begin to melt, and the brush no longer reach the collector. Gasoline pump may break in the case when the tank is filled to systematically defective gasoline mixed with solids. The presence of abrasive particles in the fuel, clogging the main filter input, notify the amplified sound of the fuel pump.

Specifications car Oka

In the 80 years the question arose to replace the technically outdated buggy FDD, which is why at the Serpukhov automobile factory started to develop a new car "Oka", later this project was given to AvtoVAZ, which was finally developed a new compact car all now known as the "Oka". Specifications car Oka delight their fans. As domestic Zhiguli, the "Okie" was also a foreign prototype, which was the Daihatsu Cuore Japanese car production in 1980. In addition to the basic elements of the body and several technical solutions, all the rest were developed independently, especially in the powertrain and chassis components. Originally, "Oka" intended to equip the original 3-cylinder engine, but due to its unavailability at the time of launch mass production, it was decided to apply a 2-cylinder engine, actually a supplement counterweight shaft "half" of 1,3-liter engine VAZ -2108. Fundamentally new 3-cylinder engine was ready for the early 90's, but the crisis in the industry prevented its implementation. Japanese car was equipped with 3-cylinder engine that also supposed to do and "Oke", but at the time of the commencement of the original engine was not ready, so it was decided to equip the vehicle 2-cylinder engine, which was a modified prototype of the "half" of 1.3 -liter engine VAZ-2108. And although the initial version of the 3-cylinder engine all the same was prepared in the early 90's, but then the lack of funding and the crisis in the industry again prevented its implementation.

Specifications car Gazelle

Automobile Black Box for diagnosis

Who has not heard about the "black box", which is used in aircraft. A similar device can be installed on the car. The name "black box" is highly conditional. In aviation, such a device would register the operating parameters of the major systems of the aircraft. In his article "Automobile Black Box for diagnosis," we will tell you about the possibilities of such a "black box" in the car. Our "black box" recording settings diagnose the car. This is a performance speed, acceleration, etc. All information gives the owner the vehicle to analyze the state of the subsystems of the vehicle. Onboard computers were installed in early 1980. In an age of new technologies on-board computers are now just become a necessity. They need us, just like that, buying a new tire for the wheels of your favorite car, etc. Number of diagnostic information changes very often. The first copies were given information about any fault light indication or lamp fault. They found the problem, but information on the nature of such problems the owner did not receive. Modern on-board diagnostics provides a protocol providing real-time data. Using the protocol number of DTC, the information can quickly not only to find out faults in the vehicle, but also to eliminate them. This compact "miracle of technology" can be replaced and a diagnostic tester for the analysis of the injection vehicle diagnostic tester and engine parameters. Such devices may still have a trip computer functions.

Diagnosis of engine management systems

The main objective of the injection is a workflow management engine. It is for this part of the system management controller includes COURT (engine management), actuators and sensors. On the sensor signals the controller can determine the right amount of fuel and time when it is necessary to feed the cylinder, it also determines the time for the spark. Child delivery mechanism is a cylinder fuel mixture in the required proportion and form a spark. In addition, there is another important task that the Court shall decide. It then goes about diagnosing engine management system, or rather self-diagnosis. What is an "on-board diagnostics? The notion of on-board diagnostics to understand the system software and hardware (sensors, controller COURT, actuators), which can identify and determine the fault system of the engine, and the reasons why they might arise. Which require on-board diagnostics? Onboard diagnostics designed to solve the following problem: 1.Identifikatsiya and identification of errors in the OVC and the engine itself, which can lead to: to exceed the maximum exhaust emission car. Such a requirement for diagnosis applies to all, without exception, the engine management system to ensure compliance with emission standards Euro-2 "; to the deterioration of engine parameters (for example, reducing torque and engine power, poor driving characteristics, increased fuel consumption); the failure of the control system components or the engine. For example, damage to the catalytic converter, when there are omissions of ignition. 2.Informiruet driver of faults through the inclusion of special lights on the dashboard.

Diagnostic unit injection systems WHA

Tire pressure. Features alarm systems in cars Toyota

In various Japanese cars is a huge accumulation of the various buttons on the principle of which, the owner of the vehicle most likely has no clue. Open one of the secrets of the electronics of Japanese cars will help in this article. Certain brands of machines, such as Toyota Surf, Chaser has a warning system that monitors the pressure in the tires (Tire Pressure Warning Systems). Here's how it works: When you eat a car, and one of the four tires there, the likelihood of low pressure that can cause a threat to the security of your trip, the dashboard warning light comes on. Once the tire pressure has stabilized and settled on a specified level, warning light goes off after a short period of time when the vehicle reaches a speed of 30 km / h. At the time of parking, automatic monitoring of tire pressure is not possible, so I advise you to check the tire pressure in normal conditions. Indicator light shall be illuminated as soon as they will be made on the ignition and extinguished within a few seconds, as the work of the engine. Constant burning lamp during the movement of auto shows you to immediate review and adjustment of pressure to the required level. A label with an acceptable level of pressure placed on the end of the opening driver's door, as well as tables of technical description of operation of the vehicle. We strongly recommend that you install on all the wheels of your car tires the same size and type. Recommendations. In the cases described below, the notification system is not working properly, ie indicator lamp is not lit, and the tire pressure is low or possible and this option, the light comes on and off at a pressure that is required in the tires.