Management systems and fuel injection

Injection or injector (with English. Inject - "injection") of fuel - a system for filing of certain doses of fuel into the engine. Varieties of feed injection, there are several - the direct, distributed, monovprysk, mechanical fuel injection. We will consider only the modern system based on electronics, which distribute the fuel supply. On the basis of an electronic engine control module (ECM) is calculated as the fuel supply, analyzes special sensor signals installed on the engine. Now we Kratz describe the control system and fuel injection. Air is supplied, which is regulated by the throttle, then, before separation on 4 threads become heated in the receiver. Receiver in this system is needed for proper air flow meter (tk measured pressure in the receiver (MAP) or the total mass flow (MAF). The first should be the extent necessary, to prevent escape of air "starvation" of cylinders when the intake air is large, and pulsation is smoothed out at the launch. sprayers will be installed in the channel at a short distance from the inlet valves. Spot or distribution (when each of the cylinders will run for one injector). Such an injection of irrigation can be divided into 3 types: sequential or phased, in a single cycle engine each of the nozzles being followed in accordance with the phase of injection once. group or in pairs parallel, one working cycle of the engine nozzles work in pairs (2-3 and 1-4) in parallel to the operating cycle twice. Meanwhile, in one cycle engine All 4 injectors at once and spend two times. It is clear that the injection time will be different in all systems, and the amount of fuel fed into the cylinder during this time will be approximately the same. In fuel injection systems, Bosch MP7.0H uses a slightly different algorithm injection, instead of already well-known one -3-4-2, fuel will be supplied in series 1-2-3-4. The total injection time into mutually-parallel and simultaneously the same, on a phased, it will be twice as higher as for a series of mutually-parallel and simultaneous injection injector will be included twice, the phased - once. Mechanisms of execution. According to exit polls, were identified sensors in the ECU program. Office of the actuators is carried out: fuel feed - gasoline pumps, nozzles; system that picks up a pair of petrol (Euro-3, 2) - "absorber" (or valve SUPB) Compressor clutch air conditioner, control of idling - regulates the idling (xx) The functions, which provides a trip computer - fuel consumption signal, a signal to the tachometer; Diagnostics - Check Engine Lamp (CE), output data through the DLC, Fan cooling system, ignition module - the ignition system. Atomizer - pretsenzionny solenoid (there are also piezoelectric) valve performance, which is normalized. Serves as fuel injection, whose amount will be calculated for this mode of the car. benzonasos needed for pumping fuel in the fuel rail. The pressure maintained in the fuel rail vacuum-mechanical control. There are systems in which the fuel pressure regulator combined with a gasoline pump. benzonasos working in proper mode must generate pressure not less than 5 atm. Operating pressure should be about 2 ,3-2, 5 atm (with the removed vacuum - 3atm). If the gasoline pump combined with a fuel pressure regulator, which is used in a system with bezslivnoy ramp the pressure should be 4 atm. Ignition Module - This electronic device controls the formation of sparks. It includes Two independent valve to ignite the mixture of 2-3 and 1-4 cylinders. In other words, implementing the principle of "single spark." Low-voltage systems elements to the MoH in the latest versions are placed in the computer, and to obtain a high voltage is used or the ignition coil directly on the candle, or Dual-Remote ignition coil. Regulator idling serves - serves to support the work speed. looks like a precision stepper motor that regulates the throttle body air bypass channel and provides the engine needed amount of air to keep the throttle closed. The fan in the cooling system is subject to the ECU. The temperature difference between on and off the fan is usually 5-6 ° C. To display the current engine speed signal is issued on the tachometer. The trip computer provides an output fuel consumption - estimated at 1 liter of fuel consumed has 15,000 pulses. These figures are approximate, as they read on the basis of the total time of opening of nozzle, and take into account some empirical coefficients, which are needed in order to compensate for measurement error. As can be seen from the practice, the signal is the amount of fuel in the tank is true on systems with DC Adsorber - this element of the closed circuit recirculation of vapors from the gasoline. Based on the norms of the Euro 2 fuel tank ventilation contact with the atmosphere is not provided, a pair of gasoline to be collected (adsorbed), and then when blowing - sent into the cylinders for combustion. Managing air-conditioning clutch - need to for the air conditioner after the signal is processed. The electronic control unit (ECU) ECU - is, in fact, a special microcomputer, which processes data coming from different counters. He pledged algorithms control the mechanism of execution. The program stored in a chip or chip from here and gave its name to Chit-tuning, in other words, changes in program management engine. The contents of this chip is often divided into two parts: direct program that handles all data and perform mathematical calculations, and unit calibration. Calibration - a defined set of data , which is designed to work properly programs. Control systems and fuel injection has been steadily evolving, recent developments showed the company Bosch - Bosch M7.9.7 and Bosch MP7.0H. Unlike other systems, then used 'Moment' mathematical model of the engine, such systems are much more complicated easy to calibrate, and in case of change of physical parameters (intake-output, geometry, working volume), a "capricious." In some cases, the calibration requires matmodeli, which is impossible without the techniques and equipment. In spite of this it can be argued that many systems control move, subject to chip tuning.