The design and materials of sliding bearings

Bearings (friction) - is an integral piece, without which it is impossible to fully work any internal combustion engine. These days, auto manufacturers use many types of irreplaceable items. This publication describes the construction and materials bearings. The need for bearings (friction), as well as their appearance is linked to the first chariot, mills and communities in order to pottery. The first stages of bearings is a simple primitive structure, which is a hole in which to insert the shaft or axle. Initially, the development and improvement of this part is to develop new lubricants and improve their properties to reduce friction bearings. The first of lubricants made from vegetable oils and animal fats. With the invention of steam engines began to use grease from minerals. Work bearings in technology today is based on the theory of friction, which originates from the works of Leonardo da Vinci, in the XV century unit installer proportionality of frictional resistance loading on the surface between which the friction, and that body, having a rough surface, have a greater friction. The design of bearings development of technology led to the creation of different types of bearings: hydrodynamics bearings (between the rubbing bodies is lubrication) bearings, producing work in conditions of dry friction (lack of lubrication between the bodies), porous bearings (impregnated grease). In the hydrodynamic bearing material for the friction surface served babbitt (an alloy of lead and tin). Subsequently, the babbitt surface replaced by interchangeable parts - "liners" that are curved ribbon of steel by using anti-friction layer (bronze, tin, aluminum or an alloy of lead and tin). This oil wedge that separates the rubbing surfaces, reduced wear and friction. Also use the bearings (bushings), used at sites with low load. These bearings are divided into two groups based on working conditions: working in conditions of dry friction and porosity. Development of technology of polymers resulted in improved anti-friction properties of bearing the group. First appeared metalpolymer, and only then polymer sleeve. Materials Today is considered promising by the sleeve, consisting of a carbon fiber plastic in conjunction with Teflon or polyamide. Role of the frame carries carbon-plastic, and feature a dry lubricant - PTFE. Also, not losing ground cermets. This technology uses bronzografit, porous iron-graphite, porous iron, metallopolioksimetilen, металлополитетрафторэтилен. One of the main advantages of bushings and bearings of cermets are porous, allowing grease to accumulate. It is worth noting that металлополитетрафторэтилен able to provide jobs and without lubrication. Possibility of applying a thin layer of various substances on the rubbing surfaces as a solid lubricant is studied and developed by scientists for quite a long time. Mainly used ultrafine powder of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or molybdenum disulfide. Such components can also be used as additives for motor oil. Prospects for research and development of polymer chemistry provides promising and interesting possibilities for car manufacturers. Today, already has bearings that do not contain metals in their construction in general. Internal working layer consists of carbon-plastic and power envelope - of structural fiberglass. In addition to high durability, low cost, ability to reduce vibration and noise, these liners are highly resistant to the effects of a rough environment, water and other petroleum products. Also developed the principle of hydrodynamic bearings operating at low viscosity lubricant. This reduces the loss of power to pump through the oil and slip in a rubbing pair.